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Efek Overview

Video yang dipercepat menampilkan pemandangan orbit dari pesisir barat laut Amerika Serikat sampai Amerika Selatan tengah pada malam hari

Efek Overview adalah pergeseran kognitif terhadap kesadaran manusia yang dialami oleh sejumlah astronaut dan kosmonaut pada penerbangan luar angkasa, biasanya ketika melihat Bumi dari orbit atau permukaan Bulan.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Efek ini muncul ketika astronaut melihat secara langsung bentuk Bumi di luar angkasa. Mereka memandang Bumi sebagai bola kehidupan kecil yang rentan, "mengambang di awang-awang", dilindungi oleh atmosfer yang sangat tipis. Dari luar angkasa, mereka tidak melihat perbatasan negara, tidak menyadari ada berbagai konflik yang membelah bangsa, dan merasa penduduk Bumi perlu bersatu untuk melindungi "titik biru pucat" ini.[5]

Peneliti yang mempelajari kondisi para astronaut ini melaporkan bahwa perilaku dan sikap mereka berubah sepulang dari luar angkasa.[5] Astronaut Ron Garan,[7] Rusty Schweikart,[5] Edgar Mitchell,[5] Tom Jones,[5] Scott Kelly,[8] James Irwin,[9] Mike Massimino[10] dan Chris Hadfield[11] melaporkan mengalami efek ini.

Istilah dan konsep ini diciptakan pada tahun 1987 oleh Frank White dalam bukunya, The Overview Effect — Space Exploration and Human Evolution (Houghton-Mifflin, 1987), (AIAA, 1998).[12]

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Referensi

  1. ^ National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Douglas A. Vakoch (6 July 2011). Psychology of Space Exploration: Contemporary Research in Historical Perspective. Government Printing Office. hlm. 29–. ISBN 978-0-16-088358-3. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2013. 
  2. ^ Albert A. Harrison (1 April 2007). Starstruck: Cosmic Visions in Science, Religion, and Folklore. Berghahn Books. hlm. 92–. ISBN 978-1-84545-286-5. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2013. 
  3. ^ Douglas A. Vakoch. On Orbit and Beyond. Springer. hlm. 10–. ISBN 978-3-642-30583-2. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2013. 
  4. ^ "Space Euphoria: Do Our Brains Change When We Travel in Outer Space?", Daily Galaxy, 2008-05-20
  5. ^ a b c d e f The Human Brain in Space: Euphoria and the “Overview Effect” Experienced by Astronauts, Ian O'Neill, Universe Today, 2008-05-22
  6. ^ Yaden, David B.; Iwry, Jonathan; Slack, Kelley J.; Eichstaedt, Johannes C.; Zhao, Yukun; Vaillant, George E.; Newberg, Andrew B. (2016). "The overview effect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight". Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1037/cns0000086. ISSN 2326-5531. 
  7. ^ TEDx Talks (2012-01-18), TedxVienna - Ron Garan - The Orbital Perspective of Our Fragile Oasis, diakses tanggal 2018-03-17 
  8. ^ Feloni, Richard (19 March 2018). "NASA astronaut Scott Kelly explains how seeing planet Earth from space changed his perspective on life". Business Insider. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2018. 
  9. ^ Wilford, John Noble (10 August 1991). "James B. Irwin, 61, Ex-Astronaut; Founded Religious Organization". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2016. 
  10. ^ "StarTalk Live at the Bell House, The Astronaut Session", Star Talk Radio, 2012-01-29, [1]
  11. ^ Hadfield, Chris, Chris Hadfield: How space travel expands your mind, diakses tanggal 2018-03-24 
  12. ^ "Space Tourism: Face Time with Earth", Leonard David, Senior Space Writer, SPACE.com, 2006-08-05, Space-ecotourism

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