Eksepsionalisme Amerika Serikat

Eksepsionalisme Amerika Serikat adalah gagasan bahwa Amerika Serikat secara inheren berbeda dari negara lain. Para pendukungnya berpendapat bahwa nilai-nilai, sistem politik, dan perkembangan sejarah AS adalah unik dalam sejarah manusia, seringkali dengan implikasi bahwa negara tersebut ditakdirkan dan berhak memainkan peran yang berbeda dan positif di panggung dunia.^[2]

Ilmuwan politik Seymour Martin Lipset menelusuri asal mula eksepsionalisme Amerika hingga Revolusi Amerika Serikat, dimana Amerika Serikat muncul sebagai "negara baru pertama" dengan gagasan yang berbeda. Ideologi ini didasarkan pada kebebasan, persamaan di depan hukum, tanggung jawab individu, republikanisme, demokrasi perwakilan, dan ekonomi laissez-faire; prinsip-prinsip ini kadang-kadang secara kolektif disebut sebagai " Eksepsionalisme Amerika", dan mengharuskan Amerika Serikat dianggap baik secara domestik maupun internasional sebagai lebih unggul dari negara lain atau memiliki misi unik untuk mengubah dunia.^[3]

Teori eksepsionalisme di Amerika Serikat berkembang dari waktu ke waktu dan dapat ditelusuri ke banyak sumber. Ilmuwan dan sejarawan politik Prancis Alexis de Tocqueville adalah penulis pertama yang menggambarkan negara itu sebagai "luar biasa" setelah perjalanannya ke sana pada tahun 1831. Penggunaan terdokumentasi paling awal dari istilah khusus "Eksepsionalisme Amerika" adalah komunis Amerika di intra-komunis perselisihan pada akhir tahun 1920-an.^[4]

Referensi

^ Fluck, Winfried; Pease, Donald E.; Rowe, John Carlos (ed.). Re-framing the Transnational Turn in American Studies. University Press of New England. hlm. 207. ISBN 9781611681901.
^ American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. Seymour Martin Lipset. New York, N.Y.: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc. 1996. p. 18.
^ Walt, Stephen M. "The Myth of American Exceptionalism." Foreign Policy (October 21, 2011)
^ de Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America (1840), part 2, p. 36: "The position of the Americans is therefore quite exceptional, and it may be believed that no other democratic people will ever be placed in a similar one."

Bibliograpfi

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Churchwell, Sarah. Behold, America: The Entangled History of 'America First' and 'the American Dream' (2018). 368 pp. online review
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Sumber utama

Roberts, Timothy, and Lindsay DiCuirci. (Eds). American Exceptionalism. Volumes 1–4. London: Pickering & Chatto Publishers, 2012, 1552 pp. A compilation of the primary sources on the subject of American exceptionalism, including pamphlets, sermons, newspaper and magazine articles from colonial period to 1900.