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Hidroksokobalamin

Hidroksokobalamin
Nama sistematis (IUPAC)
Coα-[α-(5,6-dimetilbenzimidazolil)]-
Coβ-hidroksokobamid
Data klinis
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a605007
Kat. kehamilan ?(US)
Status hukum OTC (US)
Rute IM, IV
Data farmakokinetik
Ikatan protein Sangat tinggi (90%)
Metabolisme Terutama lewat hati, kobalamin diserap dalam ileum dan disimpan di hati.
Waktu paruh ~6 hari
Pengenal
Nomor CAS 13422-51-0 YaY
Kode ATC B03BA03 V03AB33
PubChem CID 6433575
DrugBank DB00200
ChemSpider 21160115 YaY
UNII Q40X8H422O YaY
KEGG D01027 YaY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1237097 N
Sinonim vitamin B12, vitamin B12a, hidroksikobalamin
Data kimia
Rumus C62H89CoN13O15P 
Massa mol. 1346.37 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
  • InChI=1S/C62H90N13O14P.Co.H2O/c1-29-20-40-41(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-40)56-52(84)53(42(27-76)87-56)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)19-15-36-50-32(4)54-58(6,7)34(12-16-43(63)77)38(71-54)22-39-35(13-17-44(64)78)59(8,23-46(66)80)55(72-39)33(5)51-37(14-18-45(65)79)61(10,25-48(68)82)62(11,74-51)57(73-50)60(36,9)24-47(67)81;;/h20-22,28,31,34-37,42,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,23-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;1H2/q;+3;/p-3 YaY
    Key:GTSMWDDKWYUXGH-UHFFFAOYSA-K YaY

Hidroksokobalamin, juga dikenal dengan nama vitamin B12a dan hidroksikobalamin, adalah vitamin yang terkandung di dalam makanan dan digunakan sebagai suplemen.[2] Hidroksokobalamin sebagai suplemen digunakan untuk menangani kekurangan vitamin B12.[2][3] Hidroksokobalamin juga dapat digunakan untuk menangani keracunan sianida, atrofi optik Leber dan ambliopia toksik.[4][5] Hidroksokobalamin ini disuntikkan ke dalam otot atau pembuluh darah.[3]

Tidak banyak efek samping yang dipicu oleh hidroksokobalamin. Efek samping yang mungkin muncul adalah diare, potasium darah rendah, reaksi alergi dan tekanan darah tinggi.[3] Dosis yang normal aman untuk diberikan kepada perempuan hamil.[1] Hidroksokobalamin adalah bentuk alami vitamin B12 dan bagian dari kelompok senyawa kobalamin.[6][7] Hidroksokobalamin dibutuhkan oleh tubuh untuk membuat DNA. Makanan yang secara alami mengandung vitamin B12 adalah daging, telur dan produk-produk susu.[7]

Hidroksokobalamin pertama kali diisolasikan pada tahun 1949[8] dan termasuk dalam Daftar Obat-Obatan Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, obat-obatan paling penting dan aman yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem kesehatan.[9] Hidroksokobalamin tersedia sebagai obat generik.[3] Harga grosir obat ini di negara-negara berkembang berkisar antara 0,12 hingga 0,84 dollar Amerika Serikat per dosis.[10] Secara komersial, hidroksokobalamin diproduksi dengan memanfaatkan beberapa jenis bakteri.[11]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ a b "Hydroxocobalamin Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2016. 
  2. ^ a b WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. hlm. 251. ISBN 9789241547659. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2016. 
  3. ^ a b c d "Vitamin B12". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2016. 
  4. ^ MacLennan, L; Moiemen, N (February 2015). "Management of cyanide toxicity in patients with burns". Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 41 (1): 18–24. PMID 24994676. 
  5. ^ "Hydroxocobalamin 1mg in 1ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-12-30. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2016. 
  6. ^ Bullock, Shane; Manias, Elizabeth (2013). Fundamentals of Pharmacology (dalam bahasa Inggris). Pearson Higher Education AU. hlm. 862. ISBN 9781442564411. 
  7. ^ a b "Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12". ods.od.nih.gov. 11 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2016. 
  8. ^ Eitenmiller, Ronald R.; Jr, W. O. Landen (2010). Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences (dalam bahasa Inggris). CRC Press. hlm. 467. ISBN 9781420050165. 
  9. ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2016. 
  10. ^ "Vitamin B12". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2016. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  11. ^ "Vitamins, 6. B Vitamins". Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 9783527303854. 

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