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Israel dan senjata pemusnah massal

Israel dipercaya mempunyai senjata nuklir, dan terdapat kemungkinan Israel mempunyai program senjata kimia dan biologi. Israel mematuhi Protokol Jenewa pada 20 Februari 1969.

Senjata nuklir

Pemerintah Israel enggan untuk mengesahkan atau menyangkal secara resmi bahwa Israel mempunyai program senjata nuklir, dan tidak menandatangani Perjanjian Non-Proliferasi Nuklir (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons - NPT). Pada tahun 1998, mantan Perdana Menteri Israel Shimon Peres mengakui secara terbuka bahawa Israel "membangun pilihan nuklir, bukannya untuk Hiroshima tetapi untuk Oslo."[1] "Pilihan nuklir" bisa merujuk kepada senjata nuklir atau reaktor nuklir di Dimona, yang dikatakan oleh pihak Israel untuk penyelidikan ilmiah.

Pengungkapan pertama kepemilikan nuklir Israel datang dari Sunday Times yang berpusat di London pada 5 Oktober 1986, yang mencetak maklumat yang diungkapkan oleh Mordechai Vanunu, bekas pekerja di Pusat Penyelidikan Nuklir Negev, terletak di gurun Negev selatan Dimona. Disebabkan pengungkapannya, Vanunu diculik oleh Mossad dan dihukum penjara selama 18 tahun, 12 tahun dalam penahanan terisolasi (solitary).

Walaupun terdapat banyak spekulasi sebelum pengungkapan Vanunu tentang Dimona menciptakan senjata nuklir, maklumat Vanunu menunjukkan bahwa Israel juga menciptakan senjata termonuklir.

Menurut Inisiatif Ancaman Nuklir (Nuclear Threat Initiative), berdasarkan maklumat Vanunu, Israel mempunyai anggaran 100–200 peranti bahan ledakan nuklir dan sistem pengangkut peluru kendali Jericho. Laporan Kantor Pertahanan Amerika Serikat yang diterbitkan pada 2004 meletakkan jumlah senjata pada 82. Perbedaan mungkin terletak pada jumlah bahan yang dimiliki Israel berbanding jumlah senjata yang siap.

Disebabkan tiadanya ujian nuklir yang diketahui dilakukan, kedua kewujupan dan kepemilikan senjata nuklir Israeli tetap menjadi persoalan.

Lihat juga pembangunan senjata nuklir Israel.

Senjata kimia

Israel telah nenandatangani tetapi tidak mengesahkan Konvensi Senjata Kimia (CWC). Terdapat spekulasi bahwa program senjata kimia mungkin terletak di Institut Riset Biologi Israel (IIBR) di Ness Ziona. Pengintip Marcus Klingberg menjalani hukuman penjara 20 tahun karena mengungkapkan rahasia Israel kepada Uni Soviet.

Senjata biologi

Israel tidak menandatangani. Terdapat spekulasi bahwa program senjata biologi Israel mungkin terdapat di Institut Penyelidikan Biologi Israel (Israel Institute of Biological Research-IIBR) di Ness Ziona.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-07. Diakses tanggal 2005-08-15. 

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