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Kiambang (tumbuhan)

Kiambang
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Kerajaan: Plantae
Klad: Tracheophyta
Klad: Angiospermae
Klad: Monokotil
Ordo: Alismatales
Famili: Araceae
Subfamili: Aroideae
Tribus: Pistieae
Genus: Pistia
L.[3]
Spesies:
P. stratiotes
Nama binomial
Pistia stratiotes
Peta persebaran Kiambang
Sinonim[4]
  • Kodda-Pail Adans.
  • Zala Lour.
  • Apiospermum Klotzsch
  • Limnonesis Klotzsch
  • Zala asiatica Lour.
  • Pistia spathulata Michx.
  • Pistia crispata Blume
  • Pistia leprieuri Blume
  • Pistia linguiformis Blume
  • Pistia minor Blume
  • Pistia occidentalis Blume
  • Pistia aegyptiaca Schleid.
  • Pistia commutata Schleid.
  • Pistia obcordata Schleid.
  • Pistia horkeliana Miq.
  • Pistia africana C.Presl
  • Pistia amazonica C.Presl
  • Pistia weigeltiana C.Presl
  • Pistia turpinii K.Koch
  • Apiospermum obcordatum (Schleid.) Klotzsch
  • Limnonesis commutata (Schleid.) Klotzsch
  • Limnonesis friedrichsthaliana Klotzsch
  • Pistia aethiopica Fenzl ex Klotzsch
  • Pistia brasiliensis Klotzsch
  • Pistia cumingii Klotzsch
  • Pistia gardneri Klotzsch
  • Pistia natalensis Klotzsch
  • Pistia schleideniana Klotzsch
  • Pistia texensis Klotzsch

Kiambang,[a][6] kapu-kapu,[7] kayu apu,[8] kayambang[9] atau apu-apu[10] (Pistia stratiotes) adalah tumbuhan air yang biasa dijumpai mengapung di perairan tenang atau kolam. Ia juga populer sebagai tumbuhan pelindung akuarium. Tumbuhan ini adalah satu-satunya anggota genus Pistia. Orang juga mengenalnya sebagai kayu apung atau kapu-kapu. Asal tumbuhan ini tidak jelas namun telah diketahui menyebar di seluruh wilayah tropika dan subtropika. Apu-apu dapat digunakan untuk menyerap logam-logam dalam limbah industri.

Apu-apu biasa digunakan sebagai tanaman hias kolam. Selain itu apu-apu juga sering digunakan oleh para peternak ikan cupang untuk memfilter air agar tetap jernih dan juga sebagai tempat berlindungnya ikan.

Adaptasi fisiologi

Kiambang mengembangkan adaptasi fisiologi berupa daun yang hidrofobik untuk bisa lebih muda mengambang pada permukaan air serta menjaganya tetap kering untuk menghindari pembusukan dan juga agar tidak ditumbuhi lumut maupun alga.[11] Kemampuannya ini didapatkan dari bulu-bulu halus (trikoma) yang terdapat pada permukaan daun kiambang.[12]

Referensi

  1. ^ Lansdown, R.V. (2019). "Pistia stratiotes": e.T168937A120126770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T168937A120126770.en. 
  2. ^ "Kiambang". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. 
  3. ^ "Genus: Pistia L". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-02-23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-15. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-30. 
  4. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". wcsp.science.kew.org. 
  5. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20191231061025/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kiambang
  6. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata kiambang pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-31. 
  7. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata kapu-kapu pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-31. 
  8. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata kayu apu pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-31. 
  9. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata kayambang pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-31. 
  10. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata apu-apu pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-31. 
  11. ^ "Adaptation of plants to water". Nature's Raincoats (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-12-30. 
  12. ^ "Mengapa Daun Kiambang Anti-Air, Padahal Hidup di Air?". Diakses tanggal 2023-12-30. 

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Sebelumnya, nama "kiambang" digunakan untuk merujuk pada Salvinia molesta[5]

Pranala luar


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