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Owa kalimantan

Owa Kalimantan
Owa kalimantan, Hylobates albibarbis yuwana
dari Batu Ampar, Seruyan, Kalteng
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H. albibarbis
Nama binomial
Hylobates albibarbis
Lyon, 1911
Agihan owa kalimantan (hijau)
Sinonim
  • Hylobates mülleri albibarbis Lyon, 1911[3] (basionym)

Owa kalimantan, owa ungko kalimantan, atau owa kalawet (Hylobates albibarbis) adalah sejenis kera arboreal yang endemik di pedalaman Kalimantan, Indonesia, terutama di daerah bagian barat daya pulau di antara aliran Sungai Kapuas dan Sungai Barito.

Asal-usul nama

Dalam bahasa lokal dikenal sebagai kalaweit atau kalawet, sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Bornean white-bearded gibbon; Bornean agile gibbon; atau southern gibbon. Perkataan kalawet sendiri berasal dari bahasa Dayak Ngaju di Kalimantan Tengah artinya "kera tanpa ekor". Di Kalbar, khususnya Kapuas Hulu dinamai "lempiau" lisan berbeda kadang terdengar: "klempiau".

Taksonomi

Hewan muda, dengan 'berewok putih'

Owa kalimantan semula dianggap sebagai anak jenis dari owa kelempiau (H. muelleri),[3] dan kemudian juga owa ungko (H. agilis).[2][4] Namun berdasarkan kajian DNA, kera ini sekarang diklasifikasikan sebagai spesies tersendiri.[5][6]

Pengenalan

Hewan muda, dengan varian warna terang

Owa bertubuh sedang. Panjang kepala dan tubuh hewan jantan dewasa antara 462-475 mm, sementara betinanya sedikit lebih besar (465–497 mm). Berat hewan jantan 4,9-6,5 kg, dan betinanya 5,9-6,8 kg.[3]

Warna tubuhnya umumnya kecokelatan hingga cokelat terang. Dengan 'topi/tudung' cokelat gelap, alis keputihan dan pipi serta dagu keputihan yang mengesankan seperti berewok berwarna putih, melingkari wajah yang berwarna hitam. Bagian dada dan perut, sisi dalam tungkai, serta ujung tangan dan kaki berwarna cokelat gelap, setidaknya lebih gelap dari bagian tubuh lainnya; jari-jari tangan dan kaki kehitaman. Punggung bagian bawah lebih terang warnanya.[3][7]

Jenis serupa

Ukuran tubuh owa kalimantan kurang lebih serupa dengan owa kelempiau.[8] Pewarnaan tubuhnya pun mirip dengan H. muelleri, khususnya anak jenis H.m. funereus, sehingga acap terkelirukan. Namun umumnya H. muelleri hanya memiliki 'alis putih' dan tidak 'berewok putih'.[7]

Suara panggilan H. albibarbis berbeda dengan suara H. muelleri.[4] Akan tetapi kawin silang di antara kedua jenis ini pernah terjadi di sekitar wilayah hulu S. Barito.[4][8]

Owa ungko memiliki ukuran tubuh, pewarnaan, dan suara panggilan yang mirip dengan owa kalimantan; namun owa ungko menyebar di bagian utara Semenanjung Malaya dan di Pulau Sumatra sebelah selatan dari Danau Toba.[7]

Konservasi

H. albibarbis dikategorikan ke dalam status Genting (Endangered, EN) oleh IUCN, sebagian penyebabnya adalah hilangnya atau berkurangnya luas hutan rawa gambut yang menjadi habitat kera ini.[1][6]

Pusat Rehabilitasi Kalawet (Yayasan Kalaweit) berlokasi di desa Hampapak, sekitar 15 menit menggunakan speed boat dari kota Palangkaraya.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Geissmann, T. & Nijman, V. (2008). "Hylobates albibarbis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-06. 
  2. ^ a b Groves, C.P. 2005. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M, eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
  3. ^ a b c d Lyon, M.W. 1911. "Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Borneo and some of the small adjacent islands". Proceedings of The United States National Museum 40: 142.
  4. ^ a b c Corbet, G.B. & J.E. Hill. 1992. The Mammals of Indomalayan Region: a systematic review: 182 (sebagai H. agilis). Oxford: Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ. & Oxford Univ. Press.
  5. ^ Hirai, H.; Hayano, A.; Tanaka, H.; Mootnick, A. R.; Wijayanto, H.; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D. 2009. "Genetic differentiation of agile gibbons between Sumatra and Kalimantan in Indonesia". The Gibbons. pp. 37–49. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88604-6_3. ISBN 978-0-387-88603-9.
  6. ^ a b Cheyne, S.M. 2010. "Behavioural ecology of gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in a degraded peat-swamp forest". In Gursky, S.; Supriatna, J. Indonesian Primates. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. New York: Springer. pp. 121–156. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_8. ISBN 978-1-4419-1560-3.
  7. ^ a b c Mootnick, A.R. 2006. Gibbon (Hylobatidae) Species Identification Recommended for Rescue or Breeding Centers. Primate Conservation 2006 (21): 103–138.
  8. ^ a b Payne, J., C.M. Francis, K. Phillipps, S.N. Kartikasari. 2000. Panduan Lapangan Mamalia di Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak & Brunei Darussalam: 252, LG. 22 (sebagai H. agilis). Bogor: WCS-IP, The Sabah Society & WWF Malaysia.

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