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Pendaratan Yunani di Smirna


Pendaratan Yunani di Smirna
Bagian dari Perang Yunani-Turki (1919–1922)

Pasukan Yunani di Smirna
Tanggal15 Mei 1919
LokasiVilayet Aidin, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Hasil Pendudukan Smirna
Pihak terlibat

 Yunani
Bantuan laut:[1][2][3][4]
Britania Raya Britania Raya
Prancis Prancis

Italia Italia
 Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Kolonel Nikolaos Zafeiriou¹ Ali Nadir Pasha²
Hürrem Bey³
Ali Bey
Kâzım Bey⁵
Kekuatan
Sekitar 15.000 pasukan[5] 3.000 pasukan[6]
Korban
Kerajaan Yunani 2 tewas
6–20 terluka[7][8]
30–40 tewas (dibunuh saat ditawan atau saat menyerah)[9][10][11]
40–60 terluka[10][11]

Pendaratan Yunani di Smirna (kini İzmir) adalah operasi pendaratan di kota Smirna dan wilayah sekitarnya yang dilancarkan oleh pasukan Kerajaan Yunani pada tanggal 15 Mei 1919 karena wilayah Smirna telah dijanjikan kepada mereka oleh Sekutu seusai Perang Dunia I. Negara-Negara Sekutu mendukung operasi ini dengan membantu proses perencanaannya dan juga mengarahkan pasukan Yunani untuk menguasai beberapa lokasi penting dan memindahkan kapal-kapal perang ke pelabuhan Smirna. Saat pasukan Yunani mendarat, terjadi insiden penembakan oleh satu orang Turki ke arah Resimen 1/38 Evzone yang kemudian memicu kekerasan yang melibatkan pasukan Yunani dan warga Yunani di Smirna. Kota ini lalu diduduki oleh Yunani selama tiga tahun dan menjadi pemicu Perang Yunani-Turki (1919–1922).

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Smyrna is taken away from Turkey, New York Times, 17 Mei 1919.
  2. ^ George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton: Islam at war: a history, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 0275981010, hlm. 131.
  3. ^ Gerald E. Wheeler, Naval Historical Center (U.S.), Kinkaid of the Seventh Fleet: a biography of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, U.S. Navy, Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 1995, ISBN 0945274262, hlm. 25.
  4. ^ H. P. Willmott: The Last Century of Sea Power, Volume 1: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922, Indiana University Press, 2009, ISBN 0253003563, hlm. 332
  5. ^ Eleftheria, Daleziou (2002). "Britain and the Greek-Turkish War and Settlement of 1919-1923: the Pursuit of Security by "Proxy" in Western Asia Minor". University of Glasgow. hlm. 108. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2014. 
  6. ^ Solomonidis, Victoria (1984). "Greece in Asia Minor: The Greek Administration in the Vilayet of Aydin" (PDF). University of London, King's College. hlm. 54. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2014. the Turkish troops comprising about 3,000 men were to remain confined to their barracks behind the Konak. 
  7. ^ Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry. "Documents of the Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry into the Greek Occupation of Smyrna and Adjoining Territories" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-10-05. Diakses tanggal 10/2/2012. 
  8. ^ Stavros T. Stavridis : The Greek-Turkish War, 1918-23: an Australian press perspective, Gorgias Press, 2008, ISBN 1593339674, page 117
  9. ^ See: Michael Llewellyn Smith, 1999, hlm. 90.
  10. ^ a b Tuncer Baykara: Son Yüzyıllarda İzmir ve Batı Anadolu Uluslararası Sempozyumu tebliğleri, Akademi Kitabevi, 1994, hlm. 98 (Turki)
  11. ^ a b Enver Behnan Şapolyo: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi, A. H. Yaşaroğlu, 1960, hlm. 12 (Turki)

Daftar pustaka

  • Celal Erikan, Komutan Atatürk, Cilt I-II, Üçüncü Basım, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001, ISBN 975-458-288-2. (Turki)
  • Hakkı Güvendik, Türk İstiklâl Harbi, Batı Cephesi, Yunanlıların Batı Anadolu'da İstila Hareketlerine Başlamaları, İzmir’in İşgali, Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın Samsun’a Çıkması, Millî Mukavemet'in Kurulması (May 15ıs – 4 Eylül 1919), Cilt 2, Kısım. 1, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1963. (Turki)
  • Michael Llewellyn-Smith, Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922., C. Hurst, 1999, London, New edition, 2nd impression.
  • Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8. (Turki)
  • Solomonidis, Victoria (1984). "Greece in Asia Minor: The Greek Administration in the Vilayet of Aydin" (PDF). University of London, King's College. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2014. 


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