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Perang dagang

Perang dagang adalah konflik ekonomi yang terjadi ketika suatu negara memberlakukan atau meningkatkan tarif atau hambatan perdagangan lainnya sebagai balasan terhadap hambatan perdagangan yang ditetapkan oleh pihak yang lain.[1] Perang dagang diakibatkan oleh kebijakan proteksionisme, yang biasanya diberlakukan oleh suatu negara untuk melindungi produsen lokal, untuk mengembalikan lapangan pekerjaan dari luar negeri, atau akibat persepsi bahwa praktik dagang negara lain itu tidak adil dan perlu diseimbangi dengan tarif.[2]

Terdapat konsensus di kalangan ahli ekonomi bahwa proteksionisme berdampak buruk terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan,[3][4][5][6] sementara perdagangan bebas, deregulasi dan reduksi hambatan perdagangan akan berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.[4][7][8][9][10] Perang dagang dan proteksionisme juga telah dianggap sebagai penyebab beberapa krisis ekonomi, khususnya Depresi Besar.[11]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "What is trade war? definition and meaning". BusinessDictionary.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-21. Diakses tanggal 2017-08-15. 
  2. ^ Staff, Investopedia. "Trade War". 
  3. ^ Fairbrother, Malcolm (2014-03-01). "Economists, Capitalists, and the Making of Globalization: North American Free Trade in Comparative-Historical Perspective". American Journal of Sociology. 119 (5): 1324–1379. doi:10.1086/675410. ISSN 0002-9602. 
  4. ^ a b N. Gregory Mankiw, Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade, New York Times (April 24, 2015): "Economists are famous for disagreeing with one another.... But economists reach near unanimity on some topics, including international trade."
  5. ^ "Economic Consensus On Free Trade". PIIE (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2017-05-25. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-27. 
  6. ^ Poole, William. "Free Trade: Why Are Economists and Noneconomists So Far Apart?" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-02-27. 
  7. ^ "Free Trade" (dalam bahasa Inggris). IGM Forum. March 13, 2012. 
  8. ^ "Import Duties" (dalam bahasa Inggris). IGM Forum. October 4, 2016. 
  9. ^ "Trade Within Europe | IGM Forum". www.igmchicago.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-06-24. 
  10. ^ William Poole, Free Trade: Why Are Economists and Noneconomists So Far Apart, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, September/October 2004, 86(5), pp. 1: "most observers agree that '[t]he consensus among mainstream economists on the desirability of free trade remains almost universal.'"
  11. ^ Irwin, Douglas (2017). Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression. Princeton University Press. hlm. vii-xviii. 
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