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SU-152

Howitzer Berat Swa-Gerak SU-152

SU-152 (СУ-152) adalah Howitzer Berat Swa-gerak buatan Uni Soviet yang digunakan selama Perang Dunia II.

Pada bulan November 1942, Komite Pertahanan Negara Uni Soviet memerintahkan pembuatan meriam swa-gerak dengan meriam howitzer 152 mm ML-20. Pada bulan Desember 1942, terdapat 3 desain dari para insinyur artileri dan pabrik tank Soviet, desain Zhozef Kotin yang terpilih untuk produksi massal karena berhasil menggabungkan sasis KV-1S dengan meriam howitzer ML-20 dengan sedikit biaya.

Proyek ini dikenal dengan proyek "KV-14" dan purwarupa pertamanya disebut "Obyekt 236", setelah berhasil melalui beragam uji coba selama 2 bulan, meriam swa-gerak ini masuk tahap diproduksi massal di pabrik Chelyabinskiy Kirovskiy Zavod. Desain seri meriam swa-gerak ini diubah dari KV-14 menjadi SU-152 dengan meriam howitzer ML-20 yang sedikit dimodifikasi demi kenyamanan kru.

Karena meriam howitzernya yang berkekuatan besar maka SU-152 juga bisa digunakan sebagai penghancur tank berat, meriam howitzernya mampu menembus tank Jerman Panzer VI Tiger dan Panzer V Panther, dan tank penghancur Elefant, oleh karena itu SU-152 dijuluki Zveroboy ("Pembasmi Binatang Buas"). Karena kekurangan senapan mesin dan kesusahan dalam pertempuran urban ataupun jarak dekat maka SU-152 dilengkapi dengan senapan mesin anti-pesawat DShK berkaliber 12.7 mm pada musim panas 1943.

SU-152 merupakan anggota terakhir dari keluarga tank KV yang diproduksi massal, karena howitzer swa-gerak ini akan digantikan dengan ISU-152 yaitu howitzer berat swa-gerak yang menggunakan sasis tank IS.

Referensi

  • Solyankin A. G., Pavlov M. V., Pavlov I. V., Zheltov I. G. (2005). Soviet Heavy Self-Propelled Guns 1941–1945. Moscow: «Exprint» (Солянкин А. Г., Павлов М. В., Павлов И. В., Желтов И. Г. Советские тяжёлые самоходные артиллерийские установки 1941–1945 гг. — М.: ООО Издательский центр «Экспринт», 2005. — С. 48.) ISBN 5-94038-080-8
  • Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, pp 165–66. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
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