Spiritual (musik)

Spirituals (atau Spiritual negro^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}) adalah musik-musik keagamaan (utamanya Kristen) yang dibuat oleh budak orang Afrika di Amerika Serikat.

Istilah spiritual berasal dari musik spiritual. Efesus 5:19 berkata: "dan berkata-katalah seorang kepada yang lain dalam mazmur, kidung puji-pujian dan nyanyian rohani. Bernyanyi dan bersoraklah bagi Tuhan dengan segenap hati."

• Sejarah perbudakan di Amerika Serikat
• Deep River Boys
• Musik keagamaan
• Musik Afrika-Amerika
• Musik injil

• William Eleazar Barton (1899/1972), Old Plantation Hymns: A Collection of Hitherto Unpublished Melodies of the Slave and the Freeman, with Historical and Descriptive Notes, reprint, New York: AMS Press.
• Marc A. Bauch: Extending the Canon: Thomas Wentworth Higginson and African-American Spirituals (Munich, Germany, 2013)
• Nash, Elizabeth (2007). "Autobiographical Reminiscences of African-American Classical Singers, 1853-Present". Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-5250-8

• The Spirituals Project
• Sweet Chariot: the story of the spirituals Diarsipkan 2009-05-11 di Wayback Machine.
• Fisk Jubilee Singers
• Marian Anderson: A Life in Song Diarsipkan 2002-12-20 di Wayback Machine.
• Historical Notes on African American melodies, including 75 Negro spirituals with downloadable arrangements for solo instrument
• Free Gospel scores Diarsipkan 2011-06-14 di Wayback Machine.

• Listen to "Pharaoh's Army Got Drowned," artists unknown (765 KB)
• Gordon Collection; performed by unknown persons in the Bay Area of California in the early 1920s
• Download recording of "Deep Down in My Heart", from the Library of Congress' Gordon Collection; performed by W. M. Givens in Darien, Georgia, on about March 19, 1926