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Wadi Murabba'at

Nahal Darga

Wadi Murabba'at, juga dikenal sebagai Nahal Darga, adalah sebuah jurang yang dibentuk oleh aliran sungai musiman dari Gurun Yudea di sebelah timur Betlehem melintasi Herodium dan bermuara di Laut Mati 18 km sebelah selatan Khirbet Qumran di Tepi Barat. Terdapat gua-gua persembunyian para pejuang Yahudi selama Perang Bar Kokhba, di mana ditemukan dokumen-dokumen yang tertinggal termasuk sejumlah surat yang ditandatangani oleh Simon Bar Kokhba.[1]

Penemuan dan analisis gua-gua

Ketika suku bedouin Ta'amireh yang menemukan gua pertama di Qumran menyadari nilai penting teks-teks yang mereka temukan, mereka mulai mencari situs-situs lain yang berisi lebih banyak gulungan. Pada musim gugur tahun 1951 mereka menemukan gua-gua yang terletak tinggi pada sisi karang vertikal yang menghadap Wadi Murabba'at. Setelah mengkonfirmasi teks-teks baru yang diperoleh dari Murabba'at, Gerald Lankester Harding dan Roland de Vaux memulai ekskavasi resmi di sana pada bulan Januari 1952.[2] Empat gua telah diteliti.

Area Murabba'at disurvei oleh Pessah Bar-Adon pada tahun 1968 yang menghasilkan penemuan gua kelima. Pada tahun 1993 Hanan Eshel dan Z. Greenhut menemukan sebuah pekuburan, yang mirip dengan pekuburan di Qumran.[3]

Materi tekstual

Sejumlah naskah telah diketemukan dari zaman Romawi (abad pertama Masehi) berjumlah sekitar 120 dokumen yang meliputi dekade sampai meletusnya Perang Bar Kokhba. Kebanyakan adalah dokumen legal meliputi surat akta penjualan tanah, kontrak pernikahan, surat hutang dan surat perceraian. Fragmen dari teks Alkitab termasuk Kitab Kejadian, Kitab Ulangan dan Kitab Yesaya juga didapati, bersama dengan sisa-sisa gulungan kitab Nabi-nabi Kecil versi Septuaginta (LXX) dalam bahasa Yunani.[4]

Surat dari Simon Bar Kokhba

Diketemukan sepucuk surat dari Simon bar Kokhba kepada Yeshua ben Galgola, komandan militer benteng yang disebut Herodium, yang terletak di antara Wadi Murabba'at dan Yerusalem. Surat yang memuat nama asli Bar Kokhba ini pertama kali diterjemahkan oleh John Allegro ke dalam bahasa Inggris:

Simon ben Kosebah kepada Yeshua ben Galgola dan orang-orang yang bersamamu; salam. Aku memanggil langit untuk bersaksi terhadapku: jika salah satu dari orang Galilea yang engkau lindungi (atau, serahkan) menyebabkan massal[ah], aku akan memasang rantai pada kakimu sebagaimana yang kulakukan terhadap Ben Aphlul -- Simon ben Kosebah (...)[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Dare to delve into Nahal Darga
  2. ^ Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls, pp.35-36.
  3. ^ Stern 2000, pp.581-582.
  4. ^ Stern 2000, pp.583-585.
  5. ^ Diterjemahkan dari terjemahan oleh John Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls, p.173.

Bibliografi

  • Allegro, John M., The Dead Sea Scrolls (Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1956)
  • Benoit, P., Milik, J.T., and de Vaux, R., Les Grottes de Murabbaat (Oxford: Clarendon, 1961)(for text and photographs)
  • Stern, Ephraim (Archaeology), Eshel, Hanan (Written material), "Murabba'at, Wadi", in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Schiffman, Lawrence H., VanderKam, James C. (eds.), Vol.1 (Oxford, 2000), pp. 581–586.


31°35′18″N 35°22′22″E / 31.58833°N 35.37278°E / 31.58833; 35.37278

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