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Yovianus

Yovianus
Solidus Kaisar Yovianus
Kaisar Romawi ke-64
Berkuasa27 Juni 363 – 17 Februari 364
PendahuluYulianus si Murtadin
PenerusValentinianus I
Informasi pribadi
Kelahiran331
Singidunum (kini Beograd, Serbia)
Kematian17 Februari 364 (umur 33)
Dadastana (di Anatolia)
Pemakaman
Gereja Rasul Suci, Konstantinopel
Nama lengkap
Flavius Yovianus (dari lahir hingga naik tahta);
Flavius Yovianus Augustus (sebagai kaisar)
AyahVarronianus
Istri
AnakDua anak laki-laki, yang satu bernama Varronianus (menjadi konsul tahun 364)
AgamaKekristenan

Yovianus (bahasa Latin: Flavius Iovianus Augustus; 331 – 17 Februari 364) adalah Kaisar Romawi yang berkuasa dari tahun 363 hingga 364. Setelah kematian Kaisar Yulianus si Murtadin selama kampanye militer melawan Kekaisaran Sassaniyah, Yovianus dengan segera dinyatakan sebagai kaisar oleh pasukan-pasukannya. Ia lalu berdamai dengan bangsa Persia, walaupun ia harus menerima syarat perdamaian yang memalukan. Ia lalu mengembalikan agama Kristen sebagai agama negara dan mengakhiri pemulihan paganisme oleh pendahulunya. Setelah tiba di kota Antiokhia, ia mencabut dekret yang dikeluarkan Kaisar Yulianus terhadap orang-orang Kristen.[1] Ia juga mengeluarkan dekret toleransi, walaupun mereka yang melakukan ritus sihir akan dihukum.[2] Namun, pada tahun 363, ia mengeluarkan dekret yang memerintahkan pembakaran Perpustakaan Antiokhia,[3] dan pada tanggal 11 September memerintah penghukuman mati mereka yang memuja dewa nenek moyang. Pada tanggal 23 Desember, ia juga memberlakukan hukuman yang sama untuk mereka yang turut serta dalam upacara pagan.[4]

Masa kekuasaannya hanya berlangsung selama delapan bulan. Saat ia sedang bergegas dari Antiokhia ke Konstantinopel untuk memperkuat kekuasaan politiknya, ia ditemui tewas di tempat tidurnya di sebuah perkemahan di Dadastana. Kematiannya mungkin disebabkan oleh konsumsi jamur yang berlebihan atau asap karbon monoksida dari api penghangat.[5] Namun, sejarawan Ammianus Marcellinus merasa bahwa kematiannya mencurigakan, terutama karena penyebab sesungguhnya tidak diselidiki.[5]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Philologic Results
  2. ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Flavius Claudius Jovianus
  3. ^ Michael von Albrecht and Gareth L. Schmeling, A history of Roman literature (1997), halaman 1744
  4. ^ Vlasis Rassias A history of unconditional love (2005); currently in publication only in Greek, as Μια ιστορία αγάπης
  5. ^ a b Ammianus Marcellinus, The History, 25.10.12


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