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Broadway (teater)

The Lion King in 2003 by die New Amsterdam-teater op Broadway.

Broadway verwys na opvoerings in 40 professionele teaters met 500 of meer sitplekke elk in die Teaterdistrik van Manhattan in New York, Amerika.[1] Saam met Londen se Weseinde-teaters word dit beskou as die hoogste vlak van kommersiële teater in die Engelssprekende wêreld.

Die Broadway-teaterdistrik is ’n gewilde toeriste-attraksie in New York. Volgens die Broadway-liga, ’n liggaam waartoe die meeste teatereieneaars en -vervaardigers behoort, is kaartjies van $1,27 miljard (sowat R14,5 miljard) in die 2013-'14-seisoen verkoop, ’n toename van 11,4% van die 2012-'13-seisoen. Sowat 12,21 miljoen mense het opvoerings bygewoon, ’n toename van 5,5%.[2]

Geskiedenis

’n 1868-program vir Ixion.

New York se eerste groot teater is omstreeks 1750 aan Nassau-straat gestig deur die akteurs-bestuurders Walter Murray en Thomas Kean. Dit het plek vir sowat 280 mense gehad. Hulle het Shakespeare-stukke en ballade-operas soos The Beggar's Opera aangebied.[3] In 1752 het ’n geselskap van 12 akteurs van Brittanje na Amerika gekom en hulle het ’n teater in Virginië geopen. Die geselskap het in 1753 na new York verskuif. In 1798 is die Park Theatre aan Chathamstraat in Manhattan gebou met plek vir 2 000.[3] Die Bowery-teater is in 1826 geopen,[4] en nog ander daarna. Teen die 1840's het P.T. Barnum ’n vermaakkompleks in Laer Manhattan bestuur. In 1829 is Niblo's Garden geopen en dit het gou een van die gewildste vermaakplekke geword. Die teater met sy 3 000 sitplekke het allerhande musiekspele en ander soorte vermaak aangebied. Die Astor-opera het in 1847 geopen.

Die Engelse danser, komediant en aktrise Lydia Thompson het in 1868 na Amerika gekom saam met ’n klein geselskap en hulle was uiters gewild van die 1868-'69-seisoen af.[5]

In die 1850's het die teaterbedryf in New York na Midde-Manhatten verskuif na goedkoper eiendomme. In 1870 was die hart van Broadway in Union Square, en teen die einde van die eeu was baie teaters naby Madison Square. In die vroeë 1900's het teaters om Times Square begin konsentreer en die Broadway-teaters het begin konsolideer nadat ’n groot klomp teaters in die 1920's en 1930's om die plein geopen het.

Beskrywing

Op enkele uitsonderings na vind opvoerings van Dinsdagaande tot Saterdagaande plaas. Op Woensdae, Saterdae en Sondae is daar middagvertonings. Min opvoerings word Maandae aangebied.[6][7]

Die meeste eienaars en vervaardigers van Broadway behoort tot die Broadway-liga, ’n organisasie wat reklame behartig, met teatervakbonde onderhandel en mede-administrateurs van die Tony-pryse is (saam met die American Theatre Wing, ’n diensorganisasie).

Die meeste Broadway-teaters word besit of bestuur deur drie organisasies: die Shubert-organisasie, wat 17 teaters besit, die Nederlander-organisasie, wat nege teaters bestuur, en Jujamcyn, wat vyf teaters besit.

Off-Broadway

Om vir ’n Tony in aanmerking te kom, moet ’n produksie in ’n teater met 500 of meer sitplekke en in die Teaterdistrik gehou word – dit word as Broadway beskou. Off-Broadway en Off-Off-Broadway is meer eksperimentele en intieme aanbiedings in kleiner teaters. Sommige stukke, soos die musiekspele Hair, Little Shop of Horrors, Spring Awakening en Rent, het op Off-Broadway begin en later na groter teaters op Broadway geskuif.

Pryse

Broadway-produksies en -kunstenaars word van 1947 af met die jaarlikse Antoinette Perry-pryse (algemeen bekend as Tonys) vereer wat deur die American Theatre Wing en die Broadway-liga toegeken word.[8] Die Tonys, wat vergelyk kan word met die rolprentbedryf se Oscars, se belangrikheid het van 1967 af toegeneem toe die uitdeling landwyd op televisie begin vertoon is. Bekende sterre is dikwels die aanbieders. Die laaste Tony-toekenningsaand was op 8 Junie 2014. Ander pryse sluit in die Drama Desk- (sedert 1955), New York Drama Critics Circle- (sedert 1936) en Outer Critics Circle-prys (sedert 1950).

Verwysings

Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die Engelse Wikipedia
  1. Pincus-Roth, Zachary. "Ask Playbill.com: Broadway or Off-Broadway—Part I" Playbill.com, 7 Februarie 2008
  2. "Broadway Calendar-Year Statistics" (in Engels). Broadway-liga. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Maart 2016. Besoek op 20 Julie 2014.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Kenrick, John. "John Kenrick-artikel oor die geskiedenis van die NY-teater" Musicals101.com, URL besoek op 26 Augustus 2011
  4. "Bowery Theatre history, Internet Broadway Database listing" Internet Broadway Database, URL besoek op 26 Augustus 2011
  5. Hoffos, Signe and Moulder, Bob. "'Desperately Seeking Lydia' and 'Appreciating Lydia'" Geargiveer 13 Mei 2011 op Wayback Machine The Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery Magazine, Vol. 43, Herfs 2006, pp. 1–7
  6. Blank, Matthew. "Weekly Schedule of Current Broadway Shows" Playbill.com, 21 Augustus 2011
  7. Simonson, Robert. "When Did Broadway Shows Start Offering Sunday Performances?" Playbill.com, 1 April 2011
  8. "Tony Awards History" Geargiveer 7 Mei 2010 op Wayback Machine tonyawards.com, URL besoek op 25 Februar 2011

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