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Samaritane

Samaritane

Samaritane op Berg Garizim
Totale bevolking: 796 (2017)
Belangrike bevolkings  in: Israel (veral Holon) 415[1]

Kirjat Loeza, Wesoewer (gesamentlike Israeliese en Palestynse beheer[2]) 381[1]

Taal: Moderne omgangstale:

Hebreeus, Arabies
Historiese omgangstale:
Arabies, voorafgegaan deur Aramees en vroeër Hebreeus
Liturgiese tale:
Samaritaanse Hebreeus, Samaritaanse Aramees, Samaritaanse Arabies[3]

Geloofsoortuiging: Samaritaïsme
Verwante etniese groepe: Jode,[4][5][6][7] ander Levantyne en Semitiese volke[8][9] soos Arabiere[10][5] • Assiriërs[5][8]

Die Samaritane (Samaritaanse Hebreeus: ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ, Sjomerim (שַמֶרִים‬), "Bewakers/bewaarders/beleeraars (van die Tora)") is 'n etnies-godsdienstige groep inheems aan die Levant en nes die Jode afkomstig van die Israeliete (of Hebreërs) van die antieke Midde-Ooste. Vandag is daar sowat 800 Samaritane. Hulle bly in die dorp Kirjat Loeza op Berg Garizim naby Nablus, Wesoewer, en in die Israeliese stad Holon naby Tel Aviv.

Plekke van die Samaritaanse gemeenskappe in Holon en naby Nablus
Samaritane vier Soekkot op Berg Gerizim, Wesoewer

In die 4de eeu was daar volgens skattings enkele honderdduisende Samaritane, maar na eeue se onderdrukking, slagtings, grootskaalse bekeringe tot Christendom in die laat-Antieke Romeinse Ryk en die opkoms van Islam was daar in 1917 nog 146 Samaritane oor. Die naam van die Samaritane is afgelei van die landstreek Samaria waar dié volk ontstaan het. Hulle noem hulself Sjomerim (Bewakers/bewaarders/beleeraars). Die Samaritane praat moderne Hebreeus of Palestynse Arabies. Vir die liturgie gebruik hulle eie variante van die klassieke Hebreeus en Aramees.

Vir Christene is veral die veral van die "Barmhartige Samaritaan" bekend. Volgens die Evangelie volgens Lukas (10,30[11]–37[12]) het 'n Samaritaan 'n ernstig beseerde man versorg, hom na 'n hospitaal gebring en vir sy verdere mediese behandeling betaal, terwyl 'n Joodse priester en 'n Leviet hom geïgnoreer het. Van hierdie verhaal is die benaming vir 'n onselfsugtige helper en verskeie hulporganisasies afgelei.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 (en) The Samaritan Update Besoek op 14 Desember 2022.
  2. ↑ (en) Barbati, Gabrielle (21 Januarie 2013). "Israeli Election Preview: The Samaritans, Caught Between Two Votes". International Business Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Desember 2018. Besoek op 14 Desember 2022.
  3. ↑ (en) "Joshua, The Samaritan Book Of:". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Maart 2019. Besoek op 14 Desember 2022.
  4. ↑ (en) "Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation" (PDF). Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Mei 2020. Besoek op 3 November 2018.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 (en) "Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese". Sciencedaily.com. 9 Mei 2000. Besoek op 3 November 2018.
  6. ↑ (en) "Study Finds Close Genetic Connection Between Jews, Kurds". Haaretz. 21 November 2001. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Mei 2020. Besoek op 3 November 2018.
  7. ↑ (en) Kiaris, Hippokratis (2012). Genes, Polymorphisms and the Making of Societies: How Genetic Behavioral Traits Influence Human Cultures. Universal Publishers (published 1 April 2012). p. 21. ISBN 978-1-61233-093-8.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 (en) Ridolfo, Jim (2015). Digital Samaritans: Rhetorical Delivery and Engagement in the Digital Humanities. University of Michigan Press (published 16 September 2015). p. 69. ISBN 978-0-472-07280-4.
  9. ↑ (en) Russell, Gerard (2014). Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East (1st uitg.). Basic Books (published 11 Oktober 2014). ISBN 978-0-465-03056-9.
  10. ↑ (en) Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C (2010). "Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (6): 850–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC 3032072. PMID 20560205.
  11. ↑ (af) "Lukas 10,30". Bybel: Evangelie volgens Lukas. Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika. Besoek op 14 Desember 2022. Jesus gaan toe nader daarop in deur te sê: "Toe 'n man eenmaal op pad was van Jerusalem af na Jerigo toe, het rowers hom aangeval. Hulle het hom kaal uitgetrek en hom geslaan dat hy halfdood bly lê, en toe padgegee.
  12. ↑ (af) "Lukas 10,37". Bybel: Evangelie volgens Lukas. Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika. Besoek op 14 Desember 2022. Die wetgeleerde antwoord: "Die man wat aan hom medelye bewys het." Toe sê Jesus vir hom: "Gaan maak jy ook so."

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