Spring – Siege of Attalia: Seljuk forces led by Sultan Kaykhusraw I besiege the city port of Attalia (modern-day Antalya) with siege machines. After a siege of more than 2 months, the city is captured, Kaykhusraw allows his forces 3 days of looting and slaughtering. The capture of the port gives the Seljuk Turks a major path into the Mediterranean.
February 2 – Terra Mariana (or Medieval Livonia), comprising modern-day Estonia and Latvia, is established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. During its existence there is a constant struggle over supremacy between the lands ruled by the Teutonic Order, the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the Hanseatic towns of Riga and Reval.
John, King of England ("Lackland") introduces the first income tax. One-thirteenth of income from rents and moveable property has to be paid. Collected locally by sheriffs and administered by the Exchequer, the tax is unpopular with the English nobility and especially in the churches and monasteries, but does raise a lot of money for John, doubling his annual income for the year.
May 24 – John still refuses to accept Stephen Langton as archbishop; Innocent III threatens to place England under an Interdict. In response, John confiscates church property. Many of the English bishops of the great churches in the country flee abroad to the Continent.
November – Leeds, a market town in West Yorkshire, receives its first charter (approximate date).
Hōnen and his followers of the Pure Land sect are persecuted and exiled to remote parts of Japan, while a few are executed, for what the government considers heretical Buddhist teachings.[3]
^John V. A. Fine, Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, pp. 87–91. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN0-472-08260-4.
^David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 19. ISBN1-84176-233-4.
^Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p.133. ISBN0-304-35730-8.
^Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
^Bartlett, Robert (2000). England under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225, pp. 404–405. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN0-19-822741-8.
^Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280. BRILL. p. 153. ISBN978-9-004-32501-2.
