Amandla in the Nguni languagesXhosa and Zulu means "power".[1] The word was a popular rallying cry in the days of resistance against apartheid, used by the African National Congress and its allies. The leader of a group would call out "Amandla!" and the crowd would respond with "Awethu"[2] or "Ngawethu!"[3] (to us), completing the South African version of the rallying cry "power to the people!".[4] The word is still associated with struggles against oppression.
Amandla is a IsiXhosa and IsiZulu word used when people make a bet, deal or promise; they say the word and hold up their hands with their thumbs up.
Since apartheid ended, people have begun to use the rallying cry "Amandla" to express their grievances against current government policies including those of the ANC. Trade unions still use it at mass meetings and protests.
The use of the term has also become popular again during service delivery protests and among poor people's movements. South Africa's independent social movements such as Abahlali baseMjondolo, the Anti-Eviction Campaign and the Mandela Park Backyarders[5] use "Amandla Ngawethu!" during their anti-government and anti-political party protests.[6][7][8] The chant is often used by the movements as a way of beginning or ending a speech as well as quieting down a crowd when a speaker has something important to say.[9]
Abahalali baseMjondolo have developed the anti-apartheid call and response slogan 'Amandla! Ngawethu!' (Power! It is ours!) to 'Amandla! Awethu ngenkani!' (Power! It is ours by force!)[10]
The Anti-Eviction Campaign also uses the phrase "Power to the Poor People" as a variation on
"Amandla Ngawethu" and "Power to the People" to denote the need of poor people's movements to control and speak for themselves and not have wealthy leftist NGOs speak for them.[11]
