André Thevet (/təˈveɪ/; French:[təvɛ]; 1516 – 23 November 1590) was a French Franciscanpriest, explorer, cosmographer and writer who travelled to the Near East and to South America in the 16th century. His most significant book was The New Found World, or Antarctike, which compiled a number of different sources and his own experience into what purported to be a firsthand account of his experiences in France Antarctique, a French settlement near modern Rio de Janeiro.
Almost immediately after this expedition, he set sail again as the chaplain of the fleet of Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, which intended to establish a French colony near what is now Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[2] Thevet arrived there on 10 November 1555 but only stayed in the colony for about 10 weeks before returning to France.[2] He was made an almoner to Catherine de Médici and later was employed by the king.[2]
An image of indigenous tribes in Brazil battling each other in André Thevet's Les singularitez de la France Antarctique (1557)
Thevet claimed in his Histoire de deux voyages, inaccurately, to have accompanied Guillaume Le Testu to America in 1550.[2]
Soon after Thevet's return to France from the near East in 1554, he published an account of his voyage under the title Cosmographie du Levant.
On his return from the Americas, Thevet published a book titled Les singularitez de la France Antarctique in 1557.[3][4] Although purportedly based on his own firsthand experiences, Thevet also used previous published sources as well as verbal accounts from other explorers and sailors and from indigenous Canadians who had been brought back to France.[2] Thevet later settled a court case with another scholar who claimed to have been responsible for the actual writing.[3] An edition of Les singularitez de la France Antarctique was printed in Antwerp by Plantin in 1558, and an English edition, The New Found World, or Antarctike, was printed in 1568.
Thevet's use of such a variety of sources not otherwise printed, despite the considerable errors and contradictions, means that his work remains valuable for the ethnography of both eastern Canada and Brazil.[2]Les singularitez de la France Antarctique contains the first descriptions in European texts of plants such as the manioc, pineapple, peanut and tobacco, as well as of the animals macaw, sloth and tapir.[5] The text also includes an account of cannibalism that was one of the influences on Montaigne's essay on cannibalism.[3]
Once Thevet was established as cosmographer to the French court, he compiled his Cosmographie Universelle, intended to describe every part of the known world. A dispute arose with a collaborator, François de Belleforest, who left Thevet's employ to publish his own Cosmographie in 1572 before Thevet's work finally appeared in 1575.
In 1584, Thevet published a collection of biographies, Vrais pourtraits et vies des homes illustres, which was critical of Protestants. He left two unpublished manuscripts. One, Grand Insulaire, was an almanac of islands, and the other, Histoire de deux voyages, was an account of his travels.
Works
1554 Cosmographie de Levant. Lyon : Ian de Tournes et Guil. Gazeau,
1557/8 Les singularitez de la France Antarctique[6] (in English in 1568 as The New found vvorlde, or Antarctike)
1575 La Cosmographie Universelle d'Andre Thevet Cosmographe dv Roy. Illvstree de diverses figvres des choses plvs remarqvables veves par l'auteur, & incogneues de noz anciens & modernes, Paris, Pierre l'Huilier. (Google Books: volume 1, volume 2)
1584 Vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres
^Thevet, André; Hacket, Thomas (1568). The New found vvorlde, or Antarctike, wherein is contained wōderful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities. Imprinted at London; Imprinted at London, in Knight-rider strete, by Henry Bynneman, for Thomas Hacket: By Henrie Bynneman, for Thomas Hacket. And are to be sold at his shop in Poules church-yard, at the signe of the key. OCLC977063449.
^Thevet, André (1557). Singularities de la France Antarctique...
