Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Andries Waterboer

Andries Waterboer (c.1789 – 1852) was a leader ("kaptijn") of the Griqua people.

He founded the Waterboer dynasty of Griqualand West, and led to a split of the Griqua people, as the factions of the Kok and Barends dynasties migrated to the south east to later found Griqualand East.

Early life

Unlike the majority of the predominantly mixed Griqua people, Waterboer was of pure Bushman origin, and seems to have been born in the wilderness somewhere north of the Gariep, probably in the late 1700s.

He joined the house of the powerful ruling family of the Griquas, the Koks, took the name of "Andries Waterboer" and learned to read and write. Fiercely ambitious, he rapidly rose in rank, eventually leading his followers in an armed revolt (the "Hartenaaropstand") against the rule of Adam Kok II and Barend Barends in 1815. By the next year, he had succeeded in defeating both leaders (who migrated with their people towards the south-east) and a few years later he finally became "Kaptijn" of the remaining Griquas in a fierce leadership struggle.

Rule (1820-1852)

Consolidation

Map of the Griqua states (green-blue)
Sketch of Griekwastad

Waterboer was elected as Griqua Kaptijn (Captain) at the Kaptijns residence in Griekwastad, on 20 December 1820, but his rise to leadership had alienated a great many other powerful factions in the remaining Griqua nation. Many of these split off as separate nations, such as the fierce nomadic Bergenaars. Wars ensued, with both the Bergenaars and the Koranas. Waterboer formed an alliance with the Cape Colony to the south, however this alliance frequently faltered in the ensuing conflicts. Eventually Waterboer defeated the Bergenaars, Koranas and other Griqua factions, and consolidated his rulership.

He overhauled the administration of what was now Griqualand West (the defeated factions had moved eastwards to eventually found Griqualand East) and divided the state into four regions. His capital Griekwastad and surrounds were under his direct rule and were named "Waterboersland".

Regional wars

In 1823, in alliance with the Koks and Barends dynasties, he won the battle of Dithakong, and thereby diverted the great Mfecane migrations from Griqua territory. The next year, he fought and was victorious in a complex conflict near Fauresmith, between Cornelius Kok II and Adam Kok II, in which the Bergenaars were employed by Adam Kok.

Waterboer's territory was still threatened by marauding Bergenaar horsemen. In 1827, his capital came under siege, when it was attacked by an army of thousands of Bergenaars, in response to Waterboer's execution of 6 Bergenaar chieftains. Waterboer was eventually victorious but was much weakened by the conflict.

Later life

In 1834, he was the first neighbouring state that the Cape Colony concluded a formal treaty with. He was invited to Cape Town for the signing of the treaty, which stipulated that, in exchange for payment in money and weaponry, Waterboer would ensure peaceful relations among neighbouring states and that the Cape's border would be secured.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Nicolaas Waterboer after his death in December 1852.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ Zandberg, Jeroen G., 2005: Rehoboth Griqua Atlas. ISBN 90-808768-2-8.
  2. ^ E.J. Verwey: New Dictionary of South African Biography, Volume 1. HSRC Press, 1995

Read other articles:

العلاقات البرتغالية المصرية

العلاقات البرتغالية المصرية البرتغال مصر   البرتغال   مصر تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البرتغالية المصرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين البرتغال ومصر.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة البرتغ

 

Template talk:Buddhism topics

This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Buddhism topics template. Put new text under old text. Click here to start a new topic. New to Wikipedia? Welcome! Learn to edit; get help. Assume good faith Be polite and avoid personal attacks Be welcoming to newcomers Seek dispute resolution if needed This page is not a forum for general discussion about Buddhism topics. Any such comments may be removed or refactored. Please limit discussion to improvement of this template. You may w...

 

Hattane

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité marocaine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Hattane chaâba Administration Pays Maroc Région Béni Mellal-Khénifra Province Khouribgaa Code postal 25300 Démographie Population 10 284 hab. (2004) Densité 2 285 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 32° 50′ 25″ nord, 6° 48′ 09″ ouest Super...

List of missile wings of the United States Air Force

This is a list of missile wings activated by the United States Air Force during and after the Cold War. Although most of these wings included the word missile in their designations, the majority of units operating Convair SM-65 Atlas and Martin SM-68A Titan I intercontinental ballistic missiles were strategic wings or strategic aerospace wings, which combined missile, bomber and air refueling units. The dates for these wings are the dates that they had missile squadrons assigned, rather than ...

 

Joseph and His Brothers

Tetralogy by Thomas Mann This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Joseph and His Brothers Cover of the first edition of part 4 (1943)AuthorThomas MannOriginal titleJoseph und seine BrüderCountryGermanyLanguageGermanPublication date1933–1943Med...

 

Kompaktklasse

Meistverkauftes Auto der Kompaktklasse weltweit: Toyota Corolla Meistverkauftes Auto in Deutschland: VW Golf Kompaktklasse ist die Bezeichnung für eine Pkw-Fahrzeugklasse, die oberhalb der Kleinwagen und unterhalb der Mittelklasse angesiedelt ist. Mitunter wird die Klasse auch als untere Mittelklasse bezeichnet. In den Fahrzeugsegmenten der Europäischen Kommission nennt sich dieses Segment Mittelklasse bzw. C-Segment.[1] Die meisten Neuwagen-Käufer sind gewerblich und nicht privat....

Maroon 5

American pop rock band Maroon 5Maroon 5 performing in 2019Background informationAlso known as Kara's Flowers (1994–2001) Maroon (2001)[1][2] OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.Genres Pop pop rock funk rock blue-eyed soul soft rock Discography Albums and singles songs Years active1994–presentLabels Reprise Warner Bros. Octone J A&M Octone 222 Interscope Polydor Members Adam Levine Jesse Carmichael James Valentine Matt Flynn PJ Morton Sam Farrar Past members Ryan Dusick ...

 

Panamanians

People identified with the country Panama For information on the population of Panama, see Demographics of Panama. PanamaniansPanameñosFlag of PanamaTotal population Panama          4,279 millionRegions with significant populations United States99,764[1] Costa Rica13,711[1] Spain5,730[1] Colombia3,123[1] Canada2,814[1] Mexico1,767[1] Italy1,102[1]&...

 

ملكة جمال الكون 1971

ملكة جمال الكون 1971 تاريخ العرض 24 يوليو 1971 مقدم الحفل بوب باركر، جون لوكهارت مكان قاعة ميامي بيتش، ميامي بيتش، الولايات المتحدة البث التلفيزيوني سي بي إس مشاركين 60 المراكز 12 إنقطاع عن تشيليسيلانتشيكوسلوفاكياالدنماركهونغ كونغ البريطانيةباراغواييوغوسلافيا عائدات تايلاند�...

Національний музей історії Молдови

Національний музей історії Молдови 47°01′21″ пн. ш. 28°49′41″ сх. д. / 47.02259000002777611° пн. ш. 28.828080000028° сх. д. / 47.02259000002777611; 28.828080000028Координати: 47°01′21″ пн. ш. 28°49′41″ сх. д. / 47.02259000002777611° пн. ш. 28.828080000028° сх. д. / 47.02259000002...

 

UEA Law School

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: UEA Law School – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

Diospyros montana

Species of tree Bombay ebony Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Ebenaceae Genus: Diospyros Species: D. montana Binomial name Diospyros montanaRoxb. Synonyms Diospyros auriculata Wight ex Hiern[1] Diospyros montana, the Bombay ebony,[2] is a small deciduous tree in the ebony family up to 15 metres (49 ft) tall, distributed all along the Western Ghats of India, Sri L...

Europa Nostra

Награда Europa Nostra, выпущенная в 2007 году Europa Nostra — общеевропейская федерация ассоциаций, созданная с целью популяризации и защиты культурного наследия и природной среды Европы. Федерация состоит из 250 неприбыльных некоммерческих организаций, работающих в 45 европейск...

 

Sofia Metro

Rapid transit system in Bulgaria Sofia MetroThe platform of Krasno Selo Metro Station at the day of the opening of line M3 (26 August 2020)OverviewNative nameСофийско метроOwnerCity of SofiaLocaleSofia, BulgariaTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines4[1]Number of stations47[1][2]10 under constructionDaily ridership450 000[3]Chief executiveStoyan BratoevWebsitewww.metropolitan.bgOperationBegan operation28 January 1998 (1998-01-28) ...

 

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door Разработчик Intelligent Systems Издатель Nintendo Часть серии Paper Mario  (англ.) (рус. Даты выпуска 22 июля 2004 4 октября 2004 11 октября 2004 12 ноября 2004 18 ноября 2004[1] Жанры ролевая игра Создатели Руководитель Риота Каваде Продюсер Сигэру Миямото Реичи Китаниси Ком...

Национальная библиотека Украины имени Ярослава Мудрого

Национальная библиотека Украины имени Ярослава Мудрогоукр. Національна бібліотека України імені Ярослава Мудрого Тип национальная научная библиотека Страна  Украина Адрес Киев, ул. М. Грушевского, 1 Основана 1866 Фонд Объём фонда ок. 4 млн единиц Доступ и пользование ...

 

Alex Bruno (footballer, born 1993)

Brazilian footballer Not to be confused with Alex Bruno (footballer, born 1982). In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is de Souza and the second or paternal family name is Silva. Alex Bruno Bruno with Zimbru Chișinău in 2016Personal informationFull name Alex Bruno de Souza SilvaDate of birth (1993-10-07) 7 October 1993 (age 30)Place of birth BrazilHeight 1.69 m (5 ft 7 in)[1]Position(s) Winger[1]Team informationCurrent team Hiber...

 

Daniela Dodean

Romanian table tennis player Daniela DodeanDodean in 2017Personal informationNickname(s)Dana, Arad TigerNationality RomaniaBorn (1988-01-13) 13 January 1988 (age 35)Arad, RomaniaHeight1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Weight60 kg (132 lb)Equipment(s)ButterflyHighest ranking19 (May 2010)ClubSVS STRÖCK (Austria) Medal record Women's table tennis Representing  Romania European Games 2019 Minsk Team European Championships 2009 Stuttgart Doubles 2012 Herning Doubles 2...

Pilot Point, Alaska

City in Alaska, United States City in Alaska, United StatesPilot Point, Alaska AgisaqCityPilot Point AirportPilot PointLocation in AlaskaCoordinates: 57°33′37″N 157°34′56″W / 57.56028°N 157.58222°W / 57.56028; -157.58222CountryUnited StatesStateAlaskaBoroughLake and PeninsulaIncorporated1992[1]Government • MayorSteven Kramer[2] • State senatorLyman Hoffman (D) • State rep.Bryce Edgmon (I)Area[3]...

 

Baptist Union of Norway

Baptist Union of NorwayDet Norske BaptistsamfunnClassificationEvangelical ChristianityTheologyBaptistChairmanPer ØvergaardSecretary-generalTerje AadneAssociationsBaptist World AllianceEuropean Baptist FederationChristian Council of NorwayHeadquartersStabekk, NorwayOrigin1879Congregations105Members10,657 (2022) [1]Official websitebaptist.no The Baptist Union of Norway (Norwegian: Det Norske Baptistsamfunn) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Norway. It is affiliated with the Baptist World ...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya