Anyin language

Anyin
Anyin
Anyi
Native to	Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana
Ethnicity	Anyi
Native speakers	1.5 million (2017)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Kwa Potou–Tano Tano Central Tano Bia North Anyin; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; any – Anyin; mtb – Anyin Morofo
Glottolog	anyi1246

Anyin, also known as Agni, Agny, and Anyi, is a Niger-Congo language spoken mainly in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. It is a Kwa language of the Central Tano branch, forming a dialect continuum with Baoulé, and is closely related to Nzema and Sehwi.^[2] Its dialects, divided into Northern and Central dialect areas, include Sannvin, Abé, Ano, Bona, Bini, and Barabo in the Northern area and Ndenye and Juablin in the Central area. In Côte d'Ivoire, there are approximately 1.45 million native speakers of Anyin, along with 10,000 second-language users; in Ghana, there are approximately 66,400 speakers.^[3]

Morofo, spoken by 300,000 in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, is sometimes classified as a dialect of Anyin, but may also be classified as a separate language.^[4]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Labial-velar	Alveolar	Post alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	kp	t	tʃ	c	k	ʔ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiced	b	gb	d	dʒ	ɟ	g
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ			h
Approximant			w			j
Trill				r

Vowels

	Front		Back
Close	i	ɪ	ʊ	u
Mid	e	ɛ	ɔ	o
Open	a

Of these vowels, five may be nasalized: /ĩ/, /ɪ̃/, /ã/, /ũ/, and /ʊ̃/.^[5]^[6]

Tones

Anyin has two level tones, high and mid; two contour tones, high-low and low-high; and one neutral tone.^[2]^[5] Tones are distinguished orthographically only to distinguish minimal pairs and grammatical constructions, or when two otherwise identical vowels with differing tones co-occur: cf. ⟨baá⟩ ([bàá], "child") vs. ⟨ba⟩ ([bá], "to arrive", "to come").^[2]

Grammar

Pronouns

Anyin uses the following pronouns:^[7]

Person		Singular	Plural
1st	subject	mĩ	jɛ
1st	non-subject	mĩ́	jɛ
2nd	subject	ɛ	émɔ́
2nd	non-subject	wɔ́	émɔ́
3rd	subject	ɔ	bɛ́
3rd	non-subject	jí	bɛ́

References

^ Anyin at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
Anyin Morofo at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
^ ^a ^b ^c Koffi, Ettien N'da (1990). The interface between phonology and morpho(phono)logy in the standardization of Anyi orthography (PDF) (PhD thesis). Indiana University.
^ "Anyin". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
^ "Anyin Morofo". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
^ ^a ^b Ahua, Mouchi Blaise (2004). Conditions linguistiques pour une orthographe de l’agni: une analyse contrastive des dialectes sanvi et djuablin [Linguistic conditions for an orthography of Agni: a contrastive analysis of the Sanvi and Djuablin dialects] (PhD thesis) (in French). Osnabrück University. urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2005041316.
^ "Inventory Anyi (GM 1298)". PHOIBLE 2.0 -. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
^ Burmeister, Jonathan (1988). "Personal pronouns in Anyi and related languages". Journal of West African Languages. 18 (2): 83–104. Retrieved 2020-01-04.