Arts Club of Chicago is a private club and public exhibition space located in the Near North Sidecommunity area of Chicago, a block east of the Magnificent Mile, that exhibits international contemporary art. It was founded in 1916, inspired by the success of the Art Institute of Chicago's handling of the Armory Show.[1] Its founding was viewed as a statement that art had become an important component of civilized urban life.[2] The Arts Club is said to have been pro-Modernist from its founding.[3] The Club strove to break new ground with its shows, rather than collect the works of established artists as the Art Institute does.
The club presented Pablo Picasso's first United States showing.[4] In addition, the 1951 exhibition by Jean Dubuffet and his "Anticultural Positions" lecture at the Arts Club were tremendous influences on what would become the mid-1960s Imagist movement.[2] Another important presentation in the history of the Arts Club was the Fernand Léger showing of Le Ballet Mecanique.[3]
The club's move in 1997 to its current location at 201 E. Ontario Street was not without controversy because the club demolished its former interior space designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and moved only the central staircase to the new gallery space.[5] However, the new space is 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2), which is 7,000 square feet (650 m2) larger than the old space.[6]
Mission and purpose
The inaugural mission of the club was "to encourage higher standards of art, maintain galleries for that purpose, and to promote the mutual acquaintance of art lovers and art workers."[7] The Arts Club of Chicago was founded by artists and patrons in the wake of The Armory Show, which was on view at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1913. The club's founders—made aware of the exhibition's negative reception by the many Chicagoans who did not understand or accept what they saw—aimed to expose the city to new images, sounds and ideas.[citation needed]
Conceived as an exhibition and social space that would cultivate sophisticated conversations around a range of media, The Arts Club has maintained its core interest in presenting culture "in the making," serving as a key venue in Chicago for the presentation of work by the national and international avant-garde.[citation needed]
The club does not generally show traveling exhibitions curated by others. Instead, it curates its own exhibits, often with very original works. This places emphasis on cutting edge and avant-garde art.[citation needed]
The club was founded in 1916 and experienced its first coverage in the Chicago Tribune on March 16, 1916.[8] It had office space in the Fine Arts Building that became too limiting to serve the club's mission. In 1918, the club elected Rue Winterbotham Carpenter to replace Mrs. Robert McGann as president. She moved the club to 610 South Michigan Avenue.[9] The first exhibition included portraits by Whistler, Renoir, Cassatt, Augustus John and others. By 1922, the club had outgrown its quarters and sponsored supplementary space at the Art Institute of Chicago until 1927 when the cost of doing so became prohibitive. In 1924, the club moved to the north tower of the Wrigley Building.[10] Among its first exhibitions at the Wrigley building was the first major United States show (seventeen sculptures, nineteen drawings and a painting) of Brâncuși. The show was installed by Marcel Duchamp.[11] Rue Carpenter died on December 7, 1931,[11] and Mrs. Charles Goodspeed was elected president in 1932.[12] The club moved to more spacious accommodations at the Wrigley Building in 1936. "Bobsy" Goodspeed served as president until 1940. Then, Rue Winterbotham Carpenter's niece Rue Winterbotham Shaw was elected president.[13] In 1947, the club scaled down its operations for four years after losing its Wrigley Building lease. In 1951, it moved to 109 East Ontario in quarters built to specification that were designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[14] Using Arts Club furniture, he designed a gallery, dining room, and lecture hall in a pre-existing building. The gallery was built around Constantin Brâncuși's The Golden Bird and the stairway was renowned for its simple elegance.[15] Shaw died in January 1979 and James Phinney Baxter was elected to serve until 1981 when Stanley Freehling was elected.[16]
1990s: new building
In the 1990s, the club was located west of Michigan Avenue and behind the 620 building which was home to many of Chicago's finest art dealers including Richard Gray and Richard L. Feigen & Co. The Arts club did not own the land upon which their famous Mies clubhouse was built; instead, the club held the land in a longterm leasehold. In 1990, the owner of 620 N. Michigan and the Arts Club land decided to sell. At first the Arts Club hoped to raise the money to purchase its land along with the 620 N. Michigan Avenue property in an effort spearheaded by Richard Gray, but it quickly became apparent that the club would lose a bidding war over this valuable land. A developer bought the property and demolished the entire block to make way for a movie complex and shopping center.[citation needed]
With the prospect of losing its home, the Arts Club opted to sell one of the most valuable items in its collection to finance the purchase of new land. The club decided to sell Brâncuși's Bird to the Art Institute of Chicago.[17] To finance the purchase, the Art Institute sold several second tier works from its famous Impressionist collection at Sotheby's in guaranteed lots which was a new concept in the auction world in 1990. While without permanent home, the club continued to meet regularly in space loaned by the Casino, another famous Near North Side club.[citation needed]
The 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2) John Vinci designed building is a two-story structure that cost $9 million for the land, building, landscaping, and interior design. The exterior facade is buff brick with black granite windowsills and thresholds and white-painted steel windows.[6] The building features furniture dating back to the club's founding as well as Mies van der Rohe designs.[6] Several elements of the new building's design are considered homages to Mies. The fact that the building was so Miesian thirty years after his death while the club focused on avant-garde art was a bit of a controversy.[18] The building's atrium that allows filtered light into the central galleries and dining areas is its primary feature.[5] Another focal point of the building is the restored Mies van der Rohe steel staircase that provides access to the second floor.[6] The design includes white-painted steel, travertine marble, floor-to-ceiling curtains, dark-stained wood floors, and large areas of glass.[6] The color palette of saffron, black, gray, scarlet, and white is consistent with the former building.[6] Also notable are the veil of north side metal screens.[5] The building also has a 1,600 square feet (150 m2) outdoor landscaped garden.[6] The building accommodates a 200-person audience seating.[6]
Notable works in the club's private collection include:
Red Petals, plate steel, steel wire, sheet aluminum, soft-iron bolts, and aluminum paint, 1942,[20] by Alexander Calder
Main Staircase for The Arts Club of Chicago, steel, travertine marble, 1948–1951,[21] by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Untitled, charcoal on ivory laid paper, 1922,[22] by Henri Matisse
Personage and Birds in Front of the Sun (Personnage et oiseaux devant le soleil), ink and gouache on paper, 1942,[23] by Joan Miró
This Thing is Made to Perpetuate My Memory (Cette Chose est faite pour perpetuer mon souvenir), ink, gouache or watercolor, and silver and bronze paint on board, 1915,[24] by Francis Picabia
Head of a Woman (Tete de femme), red and black chalk with chalk wash on tan laid paper, laid down on lightweight Japanese paper, 1922,[25] by Pablo Picasso
Exhibitions, performances and lectures
Until the Museum of Modern Art was founded in 1929, Chicago and The Arts Club in particular was the most receptive exhibitor of modern art in the United States. At that time, no institution in the United States, especially none in Manhattan, would exhibit European modernism. By renting space at the Art Institute of Chicago's Building the Arts Club was able to arrange showings in Chicago's most prestigious museum.[4]
The current location is the club's seventh location. However, this is the first building owned by the club. The location history is listed below.[7]
The first home at the Fine Arts Building had no exhibition space. The club was not able to put on its first exhibition until December 18 when it moved to a location with exhibition space. The club's early gallery spaces were not sufficient to achieve the club's goals and it agreed to assume cost and selection responsibilities for works in a series of shows at The Arts Club Exhibition Room at the Art Institute of Chicago from 1922 to 1927.[10]
A two-tiered dues system, established at The Arts Club's inception, is maintained to this day: professional members pay lower dues than patrons, ensuring that fine and performing artists remain a vital component of The Arts Club membership.[30]
References
Citations
^Kruty, Paul (2005). "Armory Show of 1913". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ abWarren, Lynne (2005). "Art". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 18, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ abRoeder George H. Jr. (2005). "Artists, Education and Culture of". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on June 18, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
Fitzgerald, Michael C. (1984). Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth Century Art. Farrar Straus & Giroux. ISBN0-37410-611-8.
