Arun Kumar Sharma was born on the last day of 1924 in Calcutta in British India (now Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal ) to Charu Chandra Sharma–Shovamoyee couple. His family went into financial troubles when his father died when he was 8 years of age and he was brought up at his maternal grandparents' house.[8] His early schooling was at Mitra Institution after which he joined Asutosh College of the University of Kolkata in 1939. He graduated (BSc) in Botany, studying on a half-free scholarship[note 1] in 1943 and followed it up with the master's degree (MSc) from Rajabazar Science College in 1945. Later, he would also secure a Doctor of Science degree from the same university in 1955. After completing his post graduate degree, he passed the Union Public Service Commission examination for a public service career and was among the five selected for Botanical Survey of India where his assignment was the development of the herbarium and the garden of the Royal Botanical Garden, Howrah. Here, he got training in taxonomy and worked as a temporary teacher but moved to the University of Kolkata, again as a temporary teacher in 1947. He became the assistant lecturer at the university in 1948 where he spent his entire academic life, superannuating in 1990 as the head of the department and project coordinator for the Centre for Advanced Study on Cell and Chromosome of the university in 1990.[9] In between, he served as a lecturer (1952), reader (1962), professor (1970), Sir Rashbehary Ghose Professor (until 1988) and as an INSA Golden Jubilee Research Professor (1985–90) and continued his association with the university as an honorary professor past his official retirement.[2]
Sharma was married to Archana Sharma, an academic, cytologist and science writer[10][11][note 2] and he lived in Kolkata; his wife died in 2008.[12]
Legacy
Sharma pioneered researches in cytogenetics and cytochemistry in India and is credited with developing new research techniques for the study of chromosome structure of plants.[13] He propounded the concept of speciation in asexual organisms and the some of techniques he developed for the study of chromosomes with respect to their physical and chemical nature, such as repetitive DNA orcein banding, multiple DNA analysis and analysis of chemical nature of chromosomes, are being practiced globally.[2] He introduced a new protocol for inducing division in adult nuclei through chemical application which assisted in cell rejuvenation. He redefined angiospermtaxonomy, proposed new concepts of the dynamic DNA and dynamic structure and behaviour of chromosomes and suggested the use of embryo irradiation and in-vitro cultures for the generation of variability, and tissue culture as a tool for conservation of endangered species and for maintaining genetic variability. His studies proved that organogenesis, differentiation and reproduction return variable chemical composition of chromosomes while maintaining the genetic skeleton. His researches have been documented by way of several books and over 500 articles;[14]Chromosome Painting: Principles, Strategies and Scope,[15]Chromosome Techniques: Theory and Practice,[16]Chromosome Techniques — A Manual,[17]Botanical Survey of India,[18]Advances in Cell and Chromosome Research,[19]Plant Genome: Biodiversity and Evolution (2 volumes),[20][21] and Cytology of Different Species of Palms and Its Bearing on the Solution of the Problems of Phylogeny and Speciation[22] are some of his notable works. He has also contributed chapters to reference manuals and texts such as the Botanical Review of Springer, International Review of Cytology of Elsevier, Encyclopaedia of Microscopy and Micro-technique of Van Nostrand and The Cell Nucleus and Tropical Botany of Academic Press[2] and some of his books are prescribed texts for academic study.[23][note 3]
Sharma was the founder of the Centre for Advanced Study on Cell and Chromosome which was established during his tenancy as the head of the department of Botany at the University of Kolkata.[2] He chaired several national and international scientific committees such as the Indian National Committee of IUBS-INSA in 1978, Man and the Biosphere Programme Committee from 1981 to 1989, and the FASAS Commission on Science and Technology for Development in Asia in 1990 and has served as the co-chair of the Global Continuing Committee on Role of Scientific and Engineering Societies in Development in 1980), Birla Industrial & Technological Museum from 1990 to 1998, Plant and Biotechnology Committee of the Department of Biotechnology, in 1997 and the Plant Science Research Committee of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research from 1998 to 2004. He was a member of the executive committee (1982–85) and the steering committee on Biological Monitoring of the State of Environment (1983) of the International Union of Biological Sciences and was a member of the Board of Trustees of the International Foundation for Science from 1984 to 1987. He served as the founder president of the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies when the federation was formed in 1984 and has presided the Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India (1976–78),[24][note 4] Botanical Society of Bengal (1977–79), Indian Science Congress Association (1981),[25] Indian Society of Cell Biology (1979–80),[26]Indian Botanical Society (1980) and the Indian National Science Academy (1983–84).[27] He is a former chief editor of The Nucleus journal of Springer[28] and has been a member of the editorial boards of such journals as Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, the Journal of Cytology and Genetics, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. He has also guided 80 PhD and 10 DSc scholars in their researches.[8]
Arun Kumar Sharma; Santosh Kumar Sarkar (1956). Cytology of Different Species of Palms and Its Bearing on the Solution of the Problems of Phylogeny and Speciation. Martinus Nijhoff.
Arun Kumar Sharma; Archana Sharm (December 1957). "Analysis of Chromosome Morphology and Possible Means of Speciation in Jasminum". Cytologia: 172–185.
Arun Kumar Sharma, Hamsa Rama Aiyangar (January 1961). "Occurrence of B-chromosomes in diploid Allium stracheyi Baker and their elimination in polyploids". Chromosoma. 12 (1): 310–317. doi:10.1007/BF00328926. S2CID28843392.
Arun Kumar Sharma; Ruchi Singh; Sudheer Kumar; Prem L. Kashyap (July 2014). "Identification and Characterization of Microsatellite from Alternaria brassicicola to Assess Cross-Species Transferability and Utility as a Diagnostic Marker". Molecular Biotechnology. 56 (11): 1049–1059. doi:10.1007/s12033-014-9784-7. PMID25048820. S2CID207377237.
^ ab"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2016. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
