Gardelegen

Gardelegen
Gardelegen
Town
	Town hall
	Coat of arms
	Location of Gardelegen within Altmarkkreis Salzwedel district
	Gardelegen Gardelegen
	Coordinates: 52°31′35″N 11°23′33″E / 52.52639°N 11.39250°E
Country	Germany
State	Saxony-Anhalt
District	Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Government
• Mayor (2022–29)	Mandy Schumacher (SPD)
Area
• Total	632.43 km2 (244.18 sq mi)
Elevation	43 m (141 ft)
Population (2022-12-31)
• Total	22,054
• Density	35/km2 (90/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	39638, 39649
Dialling codes	03907, 039004, 039006, 039056, 039085, 039087, 039088
Vehicle registration	SAW, GA, KLZ
Website	www.gardelegen.de

Gardelegen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁdəleːɡn̩] ^ⓘ; Low German: Garlä) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Milde, 20 m. W. from Stendal, on the main line of railway Berlin-Hanover.^[3]

History

Gardelegen has a Roman Catholic and three Evangelical churches, a hospital, founded in 1285, and a high-grade school. There are considerable manufactures, notably agricultural machinery and buttons, and its beer has a great reputation.^[3]

Gardelegen was founded in the 10th century (first named 1196). The castle Isenschnibbe was owned by the House of Alvensleben from 1378 until 1857. On the neighboring heath Margrave Louis I. of Brandenburg gained, in 1343, a victory over Otto the Mild of Brunswick. In 1358 Gardelegen became a member of the Hanseatic League. It suffered considerably in the Thirty Years' War, and in 1757 barely avoided being burned by the French.^[3]^[4] During World War I, Germany operated a special prisoner-of-war camp for ethnic Poles from the Russian Army, with the aim of subjecting them to propaganda and conscripting them into a planned German-controlled Polish army to fight against Russia (Poland was partitioned between Germany, Russia and Austria at the time).^[5] During the final stages of World War II, on 15 March 1945, 52 people lost their lives during an air raid.^[6] On 13 April 1945, the Isenschnibbe Barn at Gardelegen was the site of a massacre of more than 1,000 concentration camp inmates, many of them from Poland, the Soviet Union, France and from other countries, perpetrated by members of the SS, the Wehrmacht, the Volkssturm, other Nazi Organisations and local civilians.^[7] The majority of the murdered is unknown. The site of the massacre is now a memorial.^[8]

At the height of the Cold War, a USAF RB-66 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down by Soviet fighters near the town on 10 March 1964. The aircraft's crew bailed out and was rescued and eventually handed back to West Berlin by Soviet forces.^[9]

After having incorporated 5 former municipalities in 2009,^[10] 6 in 2010,^[11] and 18 in 2011,^[12] Gardelegen is now Germany's third largest city by area, trailing only Berlin and Hamburg. It is actually the largest municipality in area in what was formerly East Germany. The population however is small, with only about 22,000.

Geography

The town Gardelegen consists of Gardelegen proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions:^[13]

Furthermore, the town Gardelegen contains the localities Ipse, Jävenitz, Jerchel, Kassieck, Lindenthal, Trüstedt, Weteritz, Zienau and Ziepel.

Climate

Climate data for Gardelegen (1991–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	3.8 (38.8)	5.3 (41.5)	9.2 (48.6)	15.2 (59.4)	19.4 (66.9)	22.7 (72.9)	25.1 (77.2)	24.5 (76.1)	20.0 (68.0)	14.3 (57.7)	8.0 (46.4)	4.7 (40.5)	14.4 (57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	1.2 (34.2)	1.8 (35.2)	4.7 (40.5)	9.2 (48.6)	13.6 (56.5)	16.9 (62.4)	19.1 (66.4)	18.4 (65.1)	14.3 (57.7)	9.7 (49.5)	5.1 (41.2)	2.3 (36.1)	9.7 (49.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−1.8 (28.8)	−1.7 (28.9)	0.1 (32.2)	2.7 (36.9)	6.7 (44.1)	10.1 (50.2)	12.4 (54.3)	11.9 (53.4)	8.6 (47.5)	5.3 (41.5)	2.0 (35.6)	−0.5 (31.1)	4.7 (40.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	44.7 (1.76)	32.1 (1.26)	38.9 (1.53)	31.1 (1.22)	48.5 (1.91)	51.4 (2.02)	64.9 (2.56)	53.8 (2.12)	44.0 (1.73)	45.5 (1.79)	38.6 (1.52)	44.5 (1.75)	536.1 (21.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	16.3	14.3	15.4	11.9	12.6	12.8	14.1	13.0	11.6	14.3	15.6	16.8	168.5
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)	7.0	6.1	3.3	0.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.9	4.7	22.2
Average relative humidity (%)	86.2	82.0	77.5	70.3	68.8	69.1	69.3	71.2	77.6	83.9	88.3	87.7	77.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	47.9	71.4	118.2	179.4	216.5	221.3	215.9	204.3	152.9	106.9	49.3	38.7	1,616.1
Source: World Meteorological Organization^[14]

Sights

There are various well-preserved half-timbered houses in Main Street (Ernst-Thälmann-Straße) and Nicolaistraße as well as a part of the medieval city wall which deserve a visit.^[15] In the northern part of the historical centre, St. Georg is a sightworthy gothic chapel which was mentioned for the first time in 1362 as a part of a hospital. It was renovated and enlarged in 1734, and today it is used for exhibitions and concerts.^[16] In the Middle Ages, the hospital was outside the town, which was surrounded by moats and walls, as people with infectious diseases were treated there.^[17] Originally, Gardelegen had three gates when it was surrounded by a medieval town wall. Salzwedel Gate dating from 1565 is a well-preserved gate in the north, a part of Stendal Gate is left in the southeast but Magdeburg Gate in the southwest was demolished completely.^[18]

St. Nicolai Church dating from the 14th century was heavily damaged by bombs on 15 March 1945.^[19] The nave is still in ruins, and the tower was renovated. There are plans to transform the nave into a concert hall. St. Spiritus is a renaissance building dating from 1591 which belonged to a monastery that was mentioned for the first time in 1319. It was a hospital where sick and elderly people were looked after. St. Mary's Church was built around 1200 in a romantic style with five naves and enlarged in the 14th century, and the Town Hall is an impressive baroque structure which was built from 1526-1522.^[20]

Gallery

Town Hall
Main Street (Ernst-Thälmann-Straße)
Nicolai Street and St. Nicolai Church
Medieval Salzwedel Gate
St. Georg's Chapel
Former Hospital St. Spiritus
Medieval Stendal Gate
Medieval town wall

Twin towns – sister cities

Gardelegen is twinned with:^[21]

Darłowo, Poland
Gifhorn, Germany
Waltrop, Germany

Notable people

Christian Francken (1550–1611), Jesuit and Unitarian theologian
Joachim Lange (1670–1744), theologian
Johann Wilhelm Weinmann (1683–1741), chemist and botanist
Christoph August Tiedge (1752–1841), poet
Otto Reutter (1870–1931), comedian, singer and actor
Werner Preuss (1884–1919), officer
Christa Stubnick (1933–2021), sprinter
Raymond Hecht (born 1968), javelin thrower

Associated with the town

Richard Sonnenfeldt (1923–2009), American engineer and author, grew up in Gardelegen. He was the chief U.S. interpreter at the Nuremberg Trial.
Helmut Sonnenfeldt (1926–2012), American government official, grew up in Gardelegen. He was closely associated with Henry Kissinger.

References

^ Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse, Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt, accessed 10 November 2022.
^ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden – Stand: 31. Dezember 2022" (PDF) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt. June 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chisholm 1911.
^ Becker, H. (2011). Gardelegen: tausend Jahre einer Stadt. Sutton Verlag GmbH
^ Stanek, Piotr (2017). "Niemieckie obozy jenieckie dla Polaków z armii rosyjskiej w latach I wojny światowej (1916–1918)". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 40. Opole: 45. ISSN 0137-5199.
^ "Angriffe in der Region".
^ Gardelegen 1945. The Massacre and its Aftermath. Catalogue of the permanent exhibition at Isenschnibbe Barn Memorial Gardelegen. Gardelegen / Leipzig / Magdeburg: Busche, Lukkas / Froese, Andreas. 2022. ISBN 978-3-9813459-9-5.
^ "Isenschnibbe Barn Memorial Gardelegen" (PDF). Stiftung Gedenkstätten Sachsen-Anhalt. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
^ Dejá vu in Gardelegen by Wolfgang Preisler
^ Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009, Statistisches Bundesamt
^ Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010, Statistisches Bundesamt
^ Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2011, Statistisches Bundesamt
^ Hauptsatzung der Hansestadt Gardelegen, 2 July 2019.
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ Karl Baedeker: Deutschland 2000, p.101. Ostfildern 2000
^ Matthias Puhle: Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder in Sachsen-Anhalt, p. 27. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008
^ "Hospital St. Georg / Hansestadt Gardelegen".
^ Matthias Puhle: Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder in Sachsen-Anhalt, p. 26. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008
^ Matthias Puhle: Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder in Sachsen-Anhalt, p. 29. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008
^ Karl Baedeker: Deutschland 2000, p.102. Ostfildern 2000
^ "Partnerstädte". gardelegen.de (in German). Gardelegen. Retrieved 2021-03-10.

External links

Official website (in German)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gardelegen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 459.