Jakobea of Baden-Baden became an orphan at an early age and was raised at the court of her maternal uncle Duke Albert V of Bavaria, where she had several suitors. At the insistence of her cousin Ernest of Bavaria, who was Archbishop of Cologne, Emperor Rudolph II, King Philip II of Spain and Pope Gregory XIII, she married, on 16 June 1585, to Duke John William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, who was considered physically unattractive and mentally unstable and was the son and heir apparent of William "the Rich" of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, in an attempt to keep the confessionally wavering duke William in the Catholic camp. The marriage was celebrated lavishly in Düsseldorf, which at the time was ravaged by the Cologne War, and was documented by Dietrich Graminäus in his volume Beschreibung derer Fürstlicher Güligscher ec. Hochzeit.
William the Rich could never overcome the early death of his eldest son Charles Frederick. He despised his second son and successor, John William, and gave him little chance to learn to govern and thus contributed to the disaster that befell his duchies.[citation needed]
Spectacle on the Rhine: The deeds of Hercules with fireworks; in the background Düsseldorf Castle, picture from the aforementioned volume by Graminäus
When William died in 1592, John William inherited the duchies and Jakobea tried to rule on behalf of her husband, who had been locked up because of his temper tantrums. She had been born a Protestant, but was raised as a Roman Catholic and did not choose for either side. She never became pregnant, possibly because her husband was impotent. She had a relationship with the much younger Dietrich von Hall zu Ophoven,[1] who was Amtmann at Monheim am Rhein and was eventually arrested and locked up in the tower of Düsseldorf Castle.[2] She tried to plead her case in the Roman Rota and at the imperial court in Prague, but the case made little progress. The Catholic side, represented primarily by her sister-in-law Sibylle of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, then took matters into their own hands.[citation needed]
She was found dead in her room on the morning of 3 September 1597, after she had received guests and toasted on her husband's health the night before. Eyewitness accounts suggest that she was strangled or suffocated.[3] The motive for the move appears to have been to make room for a more fertile wife, who could save the endangered dynasty.
She was buried on 10 September 1597 in a closed ceremony in the Kreuzherren Church in Düsseldorf. On 23 March 1820, her body was transferred to the St. Lambert Church in Düsseldorf and solemnly reburied.
The City Museum in Düsseldorf has a lock of her hair.
Legacy
Comparing Jakobea to Mary Stuart is not entirely far-fetched; even so, it may be an exaggeration. Jakobea of Baden was overwhelmed by the confusing conditions at the religiously divided court in Düsseldorf and fled in a love affair for some amusement. When she was held in humiliating captivity and lost all hope of help from her powerful relatives in Baden and Bavaria, she showed her true caliber and attitude. The popular misinformation that Jakobea of Baden was beheaded, would make her more similar to Mary Stuart.[citation needed]
Footnotes
^v. Zuccalmaglio: Die Vorzeit der Länder Cleve-Mark, Jülich-Berg und Westphalen, p. 253.
^the only part that was left standing when the castle was demolished after a fire in 1872
^Murder was never proven. However, in view of the facts and the motives and interests of her enemies, it would seem more appropriate to try to prove a natural death. The most import witness statement is available onlineArchived 2015-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
Mark P. Lindo: Jacoba, Hertogin van Gulik, Kleef en Berg, geboren Markgravin van Baden: (Fragment uit de geschledenis van Gulik, Kleef en Berg), 1847, Online
Geisenheimer: Jakobe von Baden: Vortr. im Bildungsverein zu Düsseldorf, 13. Nov. 1876, Essen, 1876, Online
Marlies Döring: Jacobe von Baden. Die weiße Frau im Schlossturm, Sutton Verlag, Erfurt, 2010, ISBN978-3-86680-676-4
Rolf-Achim Mostert: Wirich von Daun Graf zu Falkenstein (1542–1598) – ein Reichsgraf und bergischer Landstand im Spannungsgefüge von Machtpolitik und Konfession, Thesis, Heinrich Hein University, Düsseldorf, 1997
Wilhelm Muschka: Opfergang einer Frau. Das Lebensbild der Herzogin Jakobe von Jülich-Kleve-Berg geborene Markgräfin von Baden, 1987, ISBN3-921531-48-9
Else Rümmler: Jacobe von Badens Schicksal, in: Land im Mittelpunkt der Mächte. Die Herzogtümer Jülich, Kleve, Berg, Exhibition catalogue, Cleves, 1984, ISBN3-922384-46-3, p. 444ff
