Robert Acker (1966–19??) Peter Gordon (1976; annulled)
Kathy Acker (April 18, 1947[2] [disputed] – November 30, 1997) was an American experimental novelist, playwright, essayist, and postmodernist writer, known for her idiosyncratic and transgressive writing that dealt with themes such as childhood trauma, sexuality and rebellion. Her writing incorporates pastiche and the cut-up technique, involving cutting-up and scrambling passages and sentences; she also defined her writing as existing in the post-nouveau roman European tradition.[3] In her texts, she combines biographical elements, power, sex and violence.
Biography
Early life
The only child of Donald and Claire (nee Weill) Lehman, Acker was born Karen Lehman in New York City in 1947,[4][5] although the Library of Congress gives her birth year as 1948, while the editors of Encyclopædia Britannica gave her birth year as April 18, 1948, New York, New York, U.S. She died on November 30, 1997, in Tijuana, Mexico.[6] Most obituaries, including The New York Times, cited her birth year as 1944.[7]
Her family was from a wealthy, assimilated German-Jewish background that was culturally but not religiously Jewish. Her paternal grandmother, Florence Weill, was an Austrian Jew who had inherited a small fortune from her husband's glove-making business.[8] Acker's grandparents went into political exile from Alsace-Lorraine prior to World War I, due to the rising nationalism of pre-Nazi Germany, moving to Paris and then to the United States. According to Acker, her grandparents were "first generation French-German Jews" whose ancestors originally hailed from the Pale of Settlement. In an interview with the magazine Tattoo Jew, Acker stated that religious Judaism "means nothing to me. I don't run away from it, it just means nothing to me" and elaborated that her parents were "high-German Jews" who held cultural prejudices against Yiddish-speaking Eastern European Jews. ("I was trained to run away from Polish Jews.")[9]
Acker was raised in her mother and stepfather's home in the Sutton Place neighborhood of Manhattan's prosperous Upper East Side. Her father, Donald Lehman abandoned the family before Acker's birth. Her relationship with her domineering mother, even into adulthood, was fraught with hostility and anxiety because Acker felt unloved and unwanted. Her mother soon remarried, to Albert Alexander, whose surname Kathy, née Karen, was given, although the writer later described her mother's union with Alexander as a passionless marriage to an ineffectual man. Kathy had a half-sister, Wendy, by her mother's second marriage, but the two women were never close and long estranged. By the time of Acker's death, she had requested that her friends not contact Wendy, as some had suggested.[10] In 1978, her mother Claire Alexander, committed suicide.[11][12] As an adult, Acker tried to track down her father, but abandoned her search after she discovered that her father had disappeared after killing a trespasser on his yacht and spending six months in a psychiatric asylum until the state excused him of murder charges.[13]
Education
Acker attended the Lenox School, a private school for girls on the Upper East Side.[14] As an undergraduate at Brandeis University, she studied Classics and "took advantage of loosened mores, attending orgies thrown by theatre kids."[14] In 1966, she married Robert Acker, and took his surname. Robert Acker was the son of lower-middle-class Polish-Jewish immigrants. Her mother and stepfather had hoped she would marry a wealthy man and did not expect the marriage to Acker to last long.[15] She became interested in writing novels and, with Robert, moved to California to attend University of California, San Diego, where David Antin, Eleanor Antin, and Jerome Rothenberg were among her teachers. She received her bachelor's degree in 1968. After moving to New York, she attended two years of graduate school at the City College of New York in Classics, specializing in Greek. She did not earn a graduate degree. During her time in New York, she was employed as a file clerk, secretary, stripper, and porn performer.[16]
Start of career and relationships
Although her birth name was Karen, she was known as Kathy to her friends and family. Her first work appeared in print as part of the burgeoning New York City literary underground of the mid-1970s. During the 1970s, Acker often moved back and forth between San Diego, San Francisco, and New York, becoming a fixture of the downtown scene in the East Village. In February 1978, she married the composer and experimental musician Peter Gordon due to a cancer scare, and the pair ended their seven-year relationship shortly afterward.[17][18] Later, she had relationships with the theorist, publisher, and critic Sylvère Lotringer and then with the filmmaker and film theorist Peter Wollen, as well as a brief affair with media theorist and scholar McKenzie Wark.[19][20] In 1996, Acker left San Francisco and moved to London to live with the writer and music critic Charles Shaar Murray.[4] She married twice. She was openly bisexual.
In July 1989, Acker was involved in a literary controversy when the trade periodical Publishers Weekly revealed that around four pages from Harold Robbins' novel The Pirate (1974) had been lifted without permission and integrated into Acker's novel The Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec (1975), which had recently been re-published in the UK in a selection of early works by Acker titled Young Lust (1989).[22][23]: 232 After Paul Gitlin saw the exposé in Publishers Weekly, he informed Robbins' UK publisher, Hodder & Stoughton, who requested that Acker's publisher Unwin Hyman withdraw and pulp Young Lust. Representatives for Acker explained that she was well known for her deliberate use of literary appropriation[22][23]: 234 —or bricolage, a postmodern technique akin to plagiarism in which fragments of pre-existing works are combined along with original writings to create new literary works. After an intervention by William S. Burroughs—a novelist who used appropriation in his own works of the 1960s—Robbins issued a statement to give Acker retroactive permission to appropriate from his work, avoiding legal action on his publisher's part.[22][23]: 234–5
Later life and death
In April 1996, Acker was diagnosed with breast cancer and she elected to have a double mastectomy. In January 1997, she wrote about her loss of faith in conventional medicine in a Guardian article, "The Gift of Disease."[24]
In the article, she explains that after unsuccessful surgery, which left her feeling physically mutilated and emotionally debilitated, she rejected the passivity of the patient in the medical mainstream and began to seek out the advice of nutritionists, acupuncturists, psychic healers, and Chinese herbalists. She found appealing the claim that instead of being an object of knowledge, as in Western medicine, the patient becomes a seer, a seeker of wisdom, that illness becomes the teacher and the patient the student. After pursuing several forms of alternative medicine in England and the United States, Acker died a year and a half later, on November 30, 1997, aged 50, from complications of cancer in a Tijuana alternative cancer clinic, the only alternative-treatment facility that accepted her with her advanced stage of cancer.[4] She died in what was called "Room 101", to which her friend Alan Moore quipped, "There's nothing that woman can't turn into a literary reference." (Room 101, in the climax of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, turns out to be the torture chamber in which the Inner Party subjects its political prisoners to their own worst fears.)[25]
Acker's novels exhibit a fascination with, and an indebtedness to, tattoos.[28] She dedicated Empire of the Senseless to her tattooist.
Acker published her first book, Politics, in 1972. Although the collection of poems and essays did not garner much critical or public attention, it did establish her reputation within the New York punk scene. In 1973, she published her first novel (under the pseudonym Black Tarantula), The Childlike Life of the Black Tarantula: Some Lives of Murderesses. The following year, she published her second novel, I Dreamt I Was a Nymphomaniac: Imagining. Both works are reprinted in Portrait of an Eye.[29]
Acker wrote the script for the 1983 film Variety.[31] Acker wrote a text on the photographer Marcus Leatherdale that was published in 1983, in an art catalogue for the Molotov Gallery in Vienna.[32]
After a series of failed contracts to publish Blood and Guts in High School, Acker made her British literary debut in 1984 when Picador published the novel, followed by publication in New York by Grove Press.[18] That same year, she was signed by Grove Press, one of the legendary independent publishers committed to controversial and avant-garde writing; she was one of the last writers taken on by Barney Rosset before the end of his tenure there. Most of her work was published by them, including re-issues of important earlier work. She wrote for several magazines and anthologies, including the periodicals RE/Search, Angel Exhaust, monochrom and Rapid Eye. As she neared the end of her life, her work was more well-received by the conventional press; for example, The Guardian published a number of her essays, interviews, and articles, among them was an interview with the Spice Girls.[16]In Memoriam to Identity draws attention to popular analyses of Rimbaud's life and The Sound and the Fury, constructing or revealing social and literary identity. Although known in the literary world for creating a whole new style of feminist prose and for her transgressive fiction, she was also a punk and feminist icon for her devoted portrayals of subcultures, strong-willed women, and violence.[3]
Notwithstanding the increased recognition she garnered for Great Expectations, Blood and Guts in High School is often considered Acker's breakthrough work. She first began composing the book in 1973 while living in Solana Beach, writing and drawing fragments in notebooks before compiling the manuscript in 1979.[18] Published in 1984, it is one of her most extreme explorations of sexuality and violence. Borrowing from, among other texts, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Blood and Guts details the experiences of Janey Smith, a sex-addicted and pelvic inflammatory disease-ridden urbanite who is in love with a father who sells her into slavery. In its original publications by Picador and Grove Press, the final two chapters were accidentally reversed from Acker's intended order; the mistake was corrected in the 2017 re-publication of the novel.[18] Many critics criticized the book for being demeaning toward women, and Germany banned it completely. Acker published the German court judgment against Blood and Guts in High School in Hannibal Lecter, My Father.
Acker published Empire of the Senseless in 1988, and considered it a turning point in her writing. While she still borrows from other texts, including Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the appropriation is less obvious. However, one of Acker's more controversial appropriations is from William Gibson's 1984 text, Neuromancer, in which Acker equates code with the female body and its militaristic implications. In 1988, she published Literal Madness: Three Novels, which included three previously-published works: Florida deconstructs and reduces John Huston's 1948 film noirKey Largo into its base sexual politics, Kathy Goes to Haiti details a young woman's relationship and sexual exploits while on vacation, and My Death My Life by Pier Paolo Pasolini provides a fictional autobiography of the Italian filmmaker in which he solves his own murder.[33]
Between 1990 and 1993, she published four more books: In Memoriam to Identity (1990); Hannibal Lecter, My Father (1991); Portrait of an Eye: Three Novels (1992), also composed of already-published works; and My Mother: Demonology (1992). Her collection, Portrait of an Eye, was championed by publisher Fred Jordan, who had discovered her work at Grove Press before moving to Pantheon and sent an early copy of the book to William Burroughs in 1991.[34] Her last novel, Pussy, King of the Pirates, was published in 1996,[35] which she, Rico Bell, and the rest of rock band the Mekons also reworked into an operetta, which they performed at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, in 1997.[36]
In 2007, Amandla Publishing re-published Acker's articles that she wrote for the New Statesman from 1989 to 1991.[37]Grove Press published two unpublished early novellas in the volume Rip-Off Red, Girl Detective and The Burning Bombing of America, and a collection of selected work, Essential Acker, edited by Amy Scholder and Dennis Cooper in 2002.[38][39]
Three volumes of her non-fiction have been published and republished since her death. In 2002, New York University staged Discipline and Anarchy, a retrospective exhibition of her works,[40] while in 2008, London's Institute of Contemporary Arts screened an evening of films influenced by Acker.[41]
Posthumous reputation
A collection of essays on Acker's work, titled Lust for Life: On the Writings of Kathy Acker, edited by Carla Harryman, Avital Ronell, and Amy Scholder, was published by Verso Books in 2006 and includes essays by Nayland Blake, Leslie Dick, Robert Glück, Carla Harryman, Laurence Rickels, Avital Ronell, Barrett Watten, and Peter Wollen.[42] In 2009, the first collection of essays to focus on academic study of Acker, Kathy Acker and Transnationalism was published.
In 2015, Semiotext(e) published I'm Very Into You, a book of Acker's email correspondence with media theorist McKenzie Wark, edited by Matias Viegener, her executor and head of the Kathy Acker Literary Trust.[43] Her personal library is housed in a reading room at the University of Cologne in Germany, and her papers are divided between NYU's Fales Library and the Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Duke University. A limited body of her recorded readings and discussions of her works exists in the special collections archive of University of California, San Diego.
In 2013, the Acker Award was launched and named for Kathy Acker. Awarded to living and deceased members of the San Francisco or New York avant-garde art scene, the award is financed by Alan Kaufman and Clayton Patterson.[44]
In 2017, American writer and artist Chris Kraus published After Kathy Acker: A Literary Biography, the first book-length biography of Acker's life experiences and literary strategies.[11][45][19] American writer Douglas A. Martin published Acker. a book-length study of Acker's influences and artistic trajectory.[46]
In 2018, British writer Olivia Laing published Crudo, a novel which references Acker's works and life, and whose main character is a woman called Kathy, suffering double breast cancer; yet book's events are situated in August–September 2017.[47] In 2019, Amy Scholder and Douglas A. Martin co-edited Kathy Acker: The Last Interview and Other Conversations.[48]Kate Zambreno wrote on Kathy Acker in her essay "New York City, Summer 2013" published as part of the collection Screen Tests (Harpers Collins, 2019). The essay was originally published in Icon edited by Amy Scholder (Feminist Press, 2014).
Politics (1972; excerpts published in Hannibal Lecter, My Father (1991); full text published in Kathy Acker (1971–1975) (2019)
The Burning Bombing of America: The Destruction of the United States (pub. 2002, from manuscript 1972)
Rip-Off Red, Girl Detective (pub. 2002, from manuscript 1973)
Childlike Life of the Black Tarantula By the Black Tarantula (1973)
I Dreamt I Was a Nymphomaniac: Imagining (1974)
Haiti: A Trip to the Voodoo Doctor (Travelers Digest Issue 1, Volume 1, 1977; later published in Kathy Goes to Haiti)
Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec (1978)
Florida (1978)
Kathy Goes to Haiti (1978)
The Seattle Book: For Randy and Heather (1980, with illustrations)
The Persian Poems by Janey Smith (Travelers Digest Issue 2, Volume 1, ed. Jeff Goldberg, 1980; poems from Blood and Guts in High School, with drawings by Robert Kushner, 1980)
N.Y.C. in 1979 (1981)
Hello, My Name Is Erica Jong (1982; also available in Blood and Guts in High School)
Translations of the Diaries of Laure the Schoolgirl (1983)
Implosion (1983; also available in My Death My Life by Pier Paolo Pasolini)
Great Expectations (1983)
Algeria: A Series of Invocations Because Nothing Else Works (1984)
Lust: A Sailor's Slight Identity (1987, available in Hannibal Lecter, My Father)
Literal Madness: Three Novels (Reprinted 1988; contains Kathy Goes to Haiti, My Death My Life by Pier Paolo Pasolini, Florida)
Young Lust (1988; contains Kathy Goes to Haiti, The Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec by Henri Toulouse Lautrec, and Florida)
Empire of the Senseless (1988)
In Memoriam to Identity (1990)
Hannibal Lecter, My Father (1991)
Portrait of an Eye (1992, includes early novels Childlike Life of the Black Tarantula By the Black Tarantula (1973); I Dreamt I Was a Nymphomaniac: Imagining (1974); Adult Life of Toulouse Lautrec (1978)
My Mother: Demonology (1994)
Pussycat Fever (with Diane Dimassa and Freddie Baer, illustrators, 1995)
Pussy, King of the Pirates (1996)
Portrait of an Eye: Three Novels (Reprinted 1998)
Eurydice in the Underworld (1998)
Essential Acker: The Selected Writings of Kathy Acker (2002)[50]
Kathy Acker (1971–1975) (2019, Éditions Ismael, 656 pgs.), ed. Justin Gajoux and Claire Finch, critical edition of unpublished early writings from 1971 to 1975
Some of the contents from * Kathy Acker (1971–1975) (2019, Éditions Ismael, 656 pgs.), ed. Justin Gajoux and Claire Finch, critical edition of unpublished early writings from 1971 to 1975
The Golden Woman (poem, 1969–1970)
Section from DIARY (1–2, 1971)
Portraits (7, 1971)
Portraits and Visions (summer 1971)
Diary Warmcatfur (1, 1972)
Politics (1972, full text)
For H. (1972)
Revolutionary Diary of an Anarchist (1972)
Journal Black Cats Black Jewels (summer 1972)
Gold Songs for Jimi Hendrix (1972)
Breaking Up (summer 1972)
[Letter to Berndadette Mayer] (fall 1972)
Entrance into Dwelling in Paradise (poems, fall 1972)
[Exercises] (fall 1972)
Stripper Disintergration (2–3, 1973)
Section from Diary (3, 1973)
[Letter to Bernadette Mayer] (1973)
The Beginning of the Thesmophoriazusae (7–9, 1973)
Part I of Breaking Through Memories into Desire (11, 1973)
Part II [of Breaking Through Memories...] (1, 1974)
Conversations (1, 1974)
[Letters to Alan Sondheim] (2–3, 1974)
[Letter to Bernadette Mayer] (3/3/1974)
Poetry
This is not a complete list.
This symbol # indicates published in Kathy Acker (1971–1975) (2019, Éditions Ismael, 656 pgs.), ed. Justin Gajoux and Claire Finch, critical edition of unpublished early writings from 1971 to 1975
The Golden Woman (poem, 1969–1970) #
Journal Black Cats Black Jewels (summer 1972) #
Gold Songs for Jimi Hendrix (1972) #
Part I of Breaking Through Memories into Desire (11, 1973) #
Part II [of Breaking Through Memories...] (1, 1974) #
Baby don't give baby don't get (from the novel Florida)
Homage to Leroi Jones (poems, pub. 2015 by Lost and Found: The CUNY Poetics Documents Initiative, from manuscript 1972)
Lulu Unchained (drama, 1985, first performed at ICA; available in the novel Don Quixote: Which Was a Dream)
The Birth of the Poet (drama, 1981; performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in 1985, directed by Richard Foreman; published in Eurydice in the Underworld; also in Wordplays 5: An Anthology of New American Drama, 1987)
Requiem (drama, 1997; published in Eurydice in the Underworld)
Screenplay
Variety (screenplay, 1985, directed by Bette Gordon; unpublished)
Recordings, music collabs
Pussy (1994, produced by CodeX; contains two sections, O and Ange and Pussy, King of the Pirates: Her Story)
The Stabbing Hand (1995) – spoken-word guest appearance on alternate mix of song by Oxbow, included on reissues of album Let Me Be a Woman[51]
Pussy, King of the Pirates (1997, Touch and Go Records) – Acker's operetta, performed and recorded by the Mekons with Kathy Acker
Essays (periodicals, book reviews, movie reviews, art reviews, speeches, and other texts)
This is not a complete list.
The symbols ^^ indicate it's available at Duke University's collection of Kathy Acker's papers. The symbol # indicates the essay is included in the Kathy Acker collection Bodies of Work: Essays (London: Serpent's Tail, 1997).
Notes on Writing from the Life of Baudelaire (1979^^)
New York City 1983 (from Marcus Leatherdale: His photographs – a book in a series on people and years, with Christian Michelides, published by Wien, Molotov, 1983)
Realism for the Cause of Future Revolution (from Art After Modernism: Rethinking Representation, 1984#)
Collette (1985#)
An Actual Institution of Art (1986^^)
Introduction to collection Young Lust (1988)
Introduction to Boxcar Bertha (1988#)
A Few Notes on Two of my Books (from Review of Contemporary Fiction, vol 9, no. 3, Fall 1989#)
Blue Valentine (1989^^)
Review of Scandal for Weiner (1989^^)
Low: Good and Evil in the Work of Nayland Blake (1990) A selection is available in the Kathy Acker collection Body of Works: Essays.
The World According to Peter Greenway (from The Village Voice, volume 35, April 17, 1990#)
In the Underworld (1990^^)
William Burroughs' Realism (1990)
From Counter-Culture to Culture, But Here's no Culture/Fuck Ecology and the Death of Communism/The Meaning of the 80s (1990^^)
New York City 25/12/89-31/12/89 at the Edge of the New (1990^^)
Informal Interview (with R.J. Ellish, Carolyn Bird, Dawn Curwen, Ian Mancor, Val Ogden, and Charles Patrick, April 23, 1986) Published in The Last Interview.
Kathy Acker at the ICA (Part of the Anthony Rolland Collection of Films and Art, Writers in Conversation, 1986)
A Conversation with Kathy Acker (with Ellen G. Friedman, Gramercy Park Hotel, NYC, 1 February 1988) Pub. in Review of Contemporary Fiction 9, No. 3 (Fall 1989): 12–22.
Conversations with Dean Kulpers (Gramercy Park Hotel Bar, NYC, July 2, 1988). Published in The Last Interview.
Devoured by Myths: An Interview with Sylvere Lotringer (New York, Oct 1989 – May 1990, published in Hannibal Lecter My Father) The unexpurgated transcript was published in The Last Interview.
"An interview with Kathy Acker" (with Larry McCaffery, pub. in Mississippi Review 20, Nos. 1–2 (1991): 83–97).
The On Our Backs Interview: Kathy Acker (with Lisa Palac, May/June 1991). Published in The Last Interview.
Kathy Acker Interviewed by Rebecca Deaton (pub. in Textual Practice 6, No. 2 (Summer 1992): 271–82.
Body Building (with Laurence A. Rikels, pub. in Artforum, February 1994). Published in The Last Interview.
Can't: Walk and chew gum (with Ricahrd Kadrey, from Covert Culture series, pub. in Hotwired online, 13 September 1995)
Kathy Acker (in conversation with Beth Jackson, pub. in eyeline, Autumn/Winter 1996). Published in The Last Interview.
Strange Gaze interview with Anton Corbijn (1996, source unknown, available at Duke University's collection of Kathy Acker's papers)
All Girls Together: Kathy Acker Interviews the Spice Girls (pub. The Guardian, 1997) Published in The Last Interview.
The Last Interview (with Kesia Boddy, 1997) Published in The Last Interview.
Candle in the Wind (interviewed by Ruben Reyes, Phsycus Room, Issue 3, Summer 1998)
Kathy Acker (with Andrea Juno and V. Vale, pub. in Angry Women (RE/Search, 1991: June Books, 1999). Published in The Last Interview.
Pussy and the Art of Motor Cycle Maintenance or how to be a pirate on-line and channel your energies so as to remember your dreams... (interviewed by Rosie X, date/magazine unknown)
interview with Karl Schieder (July 25, 1991, The Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado, pub. in ilato.org, pub date unknown)
A Conversation with Kathy Acker (interviewed by Benjamin Bratton (Speed), pub. in Apparatus and Memory, date unknown)
Spread Open, with artist Paul Buck. Incorporates correspondence between Kathy Acker and Buck from early 80s. Published in 2005 by Dis Voir.
I'm Very Into You. A book of Acker's email correspondence with media theorist McKenzie Wark, edited by Matias Viegener, her executor and head of the Kathy Acker Literary Trust. Pub. in 2015, by Semiotext(e).
^"The Births and Deaths of Kathy Acker – Literary Hub". lithub.com. November 30, 2017. "In her own version of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, the narrator, as her Tarot cards—seen as "a psychic map of the present, therefore: the future"—are being read, refers to April 18 as her significator. The birth certificate, driver's license, and passport of the author give 1947 as birth year, relates Acker’s literary executor, Matias Viegener. Library of Congress information lists 1948, a date her publisher Grove Press takes for a biographical note for a posthumous gathering. In My Mother: Demonology, one of Acker’s last novels published while the author still lived, her narrative strategies have become to redo “childhood,” meaning within the work a set of returned-to memories, dreams, and also the pieces written when younger, the books loved rewritten. Here a narrator, if taken for a stand-in, changes her point of origin again, to something close but that does not exactly square, 'I was born on October 6, 1945.'"
^Kathy Acker (January 18, 1997). "The gift of disease". The Guardian (original publisher, posted on Outward from Nothingness). Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^Hawkins, Susan E. "All in the Family: Kathy Acker's 'Blood and Guts in High School.'" Contemporary Literature, volume 45, number 4, 2004, pages 637–58, jstor.org/stable/3593544
"no one can find little girls any more: Kathy Acker in Australia" (1997). Documentary film by Jonathan and Felicity Dawson. Griffith University, 90 minutes. Footage from this film is included in Who's Afraid of Kathy Acker? A documentary by Barbara Caspar
Devouring Institutions: The Life Work of Kathy Acker, ed. Michael Hardin (Hyperbole/San Diego State University Press: 2004). DEVOURING INSTITUTIONS
Lust for Life: On the Writings of Kathy Acker, ed. Carla Harryman, Avital Ronell, and Amy Scholder (Verso, 2006)
Kathy Acker and Transnationalism, ed. Polina Mackay and Kathryn Nicol (Cambridge Scholars, 2009)
I'm Very into You: Correspondence 1995—1996, by Kathy Acker and McKenzie Wark, edited by Matias Viegener (Semiotext(e), 2017)
After Kathy Acker: A Literary Biography, by Chris Kraus (Semiotext(e), 2017)
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Lele laut mulut datar Plicofollis platystomus Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN155202 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasActinopteriOrdoSiluriformesFamiliAriidaeGenusPlicofollisSpesiesPlicofollis platystomus Tata namaSinonim takson Arius platystomus Day, 1877 Tachysurus platystomus (Day, 1877)[1] lbs Lele laut mulut datar (Plicofollis platystomus), juga dikenal sebagai lele bermulut datar atau lele mulut datar,[2] adalah sebuah spesies lele dalam keluarga Ariidae.[...
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Town in South Carolina, United StatesPageland, South CarolinaTownDowntown Pageland SealNickname: The Watermelon Capital of WorldLocation of Pageland, South CarolinaCoordinates: 34°46′17″N 80°23′30″W / 34.77139°N 80.39167°W / 34.77139; -80.39167CountryUnited StatesStateSouth CarolinaCountyChesterfieldCharteredJanuary 11, 1908Government • MayorJason EvansArea[1] • Total4.90 sq mi (12.69 km2) • La...
Chronology of the United States (1980–1991) The United States of America1980–1991Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Tip O'Neill in 1981LocationUnited StatesIncludingReagan EraLate Cold WarThird Industrial RevolutionWar on drugsPresident(s)Jimmy CarterRonald ReaganGeorge H. W. BushKey eventsIran Hostage CrisisEarly 1980s recessionReaganomicsIran-Contra ScandalInvasion of GrenadaReagan DoctrineTear down this wall!Invasion of PanamaGulf WarChronology History of the United States (1964–1...
German World War II submarine U-570 Type VIIC submarine that was captured by the British in 1941. This U-boat is almost identical to U-762. History Nazi Germany NameU-762 Ordered9 October 1939 BuilderKriegsmarinewerft, Wilhelmshaven Yard number145 Laid down2 January 1941 Launched21 November 1942 Commissioned30 January 1943 FateSunk on 8 February 1944 General characteristics Class and typeType VIIC submarine Displacement 769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged ...
Sierra Nevada de MeridaRemnants of glaciers on the Pico BolívarHighest pointPeakPico BolívarElevation16,342 ft (4,981 m)Coordinates8°34′12.61″N 71°00′45.32″W / 8.5701694°N 71.0125889°W / 8.5701694; -71.0125889DimensionsLength200 mi (320 km) Southeast-NorthwestGeographyCountryVenezuelaStatesMerida and BarinasGeologyAge of rockPrecambrian The Sierra Nevada de Mérida is the highest mountain range in the largest massif in Venezue...
Windowing system for Plan 9 from Bell Labs This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (August 2015) (Learn how...
Election in South Carolina Main article: 1984 United States presidential election 1984 United States presidential election in South Carolina ← 1980 November 6, 1984 1988 → Nominee Ronald Reagan Walter Mondale Party Republican Democratic Home state California Minnesota Running mate George H. W. Bush Geraldine Ferraro Electoral vote 8 0 Popular vote 615,539 344,470 Percentage 63.55% 35.57% County Results Reagan 40–50% 50...
St Joseph’sNamesFull nameSt Joseph’s Football & Netball Club IncNickname(s)JoeysClub detailsFounded1973; 50 years ago (1973)Colours Red, Gold, BlackCompetitionGeelong Football Netball LeaguePremierships(6): 1982, 1984, 1989, 2015, 2017, 2018Ground(s)Drew ReserveUniforms Home Other informationOfficial websitestjoeys.com St Joseph’s Football & Netball Club Inc, nicknamed the Joeys, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the ...