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Lake County, California

For the California wine region, see Lake County wine.

Lake County, California
County
County of Lake
Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in Lake County
Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in Lake County
Official seal of Lake County, California
Seal
Map
Interactive map of Lake County
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
IncorporatedMay 20, 1861[1]
Named forClear Lake
County seatLakeport
Largest cityClearlake
Government
 • TypeCouncil–CAO
 • BodyBoard of Supervisors
 • ChairBruno Sabatier
 • Vice ChairEddie "E.J." Crandell
 • Board of Supervisors[2]
Supervisors
  • Moke Simon
  • Bruno Sabatier
  • Eddie "EJ" Crandell
  • Michael S. Green
  • Jessica Pyska
 • County Administrative OfficerSusan R Parker
Area
 • Total
1,329 sq mi (3,440 km2)
 • Land1,256 sq mi (3,250 km2)
 • Water73 sq mi (190 km2)
Highest elevation
[3]
7,059 ft (2,152 m)
Population
 (April 1, 2020)
 • Total
68,163
 • Density54/sq mi (21/km2)
GDP
[4]
 • Total$2.274 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code707
FIPS code06-033
GNIS feature ID277281
Congressional district4th
Websitehttps://www.lakecountyca.gov/

Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,163.[5] The county seat is Lakeport.[6] The county takes its name from Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest non-extinct natural lake wholly within California.[7] (Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding; Tulare Lake was drained by the agricultural industry.)

Lake County forms the Clearlake, California micropolitan statistical area.[8] It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Lake County is part of California's Wine Country, which also includes Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties. It includes nine American Viticultural Areas[9] and around 20 bonded wineries.

History

Lake County has been inhabited by Pomo Native Americans for over ten thousand years. Pomos had been fishermen and hunters, known especially for their intricate basketry made from lakeshore tules and other native plants and feathers. Pomo people continue to live in Lake County.[10]

The area had European American settlers since at least the 1840s. Lake County was created in 1861 from parts of Napa and Mendocino counties.[11] The eastern boundary of Lake County, which was not clearly specified in the 1861 act, was clarified by legislative acts passed in 1864 and 1868.[12] A major effect of the 1868 act was to include in Lake County the entire watershed of North Fork Cache Creek, which had previously been claimed by Colusa County.[13]

The 1911 California Blue Book lists the major crops as Bartlett pears and beans. Other crops include grain, alfalfa, hay, prunes, peaches, apples, grapes and walnuts. Stockraising included goats, hogs, turkeys and dairying.[14]

Some vineyards were planted in the 1870s by European Americans, but the first in the state were established in the 18th century by Spanish missionaries. By the early 20th century, the area was earning a reputation for producing some of the world's greatest wines. However, in 1920, national prohibition essentially ended Lake County's wine production. With authorized cultivation limited to sacramental purposes, most of the vineyards were ripped out and replanted with walnut and pear orchards.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,329 square miles (3,440 km2), of which 1,256 square miles (3,250 km2) is land and 73 square miles (190 km2) (5.5%) is water.[15] Two main watercourses drain the county: Cache Creek, which is the outlet of Clear Lake; and Putah Creek. Both of these flow to the Sacramento River. The main streams which flow into Clear Lake are Forbes Creek, Scotts Creek, Middle Creek, and Kelsey Creek. At the extreme north of the county Lake Pillsbury and the Van Arsdale Reservoir dam the Eel River, providing water and power to Ukiah in Mendocino County.

Clear Lake is believed to be the oldest warmwater lake in North America, due to a geological fluke. The lake sits on a huge block of stone which slowly tilts in the northern direction at the same rate as the lake fills in with sediment, thus keeping the water at roughly the same depth. The geology of the county is chaotic, being based on Franciscan Assemblage hills. Numerous small faults are present in the south end of the lake as well as many old volcanoes, the largest being Cobb Mountain. The geologic history of the county shows events of great violence, such as the eruption of Mount Konocti and Mount St. Helena and the collapse of Cow Mountain, which created the hills around the county seat of Lakeport. Blue Lakes, Lake Pillsbury, and Indian Valley Reservoir are the county's other major bodies of water.

Lake County has habitats for a variety of species of concern including the uncommon herb, Legenere limosa, the rare Eryngium constancei, and the tule elk. Waterfowl, bear, and other wildlife abound in the Clear Lake basin.

Due to its surrounding hilly terrain, Lake is the only one of California's 58 counties never to have been served by a railroad line.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

In 2015 President Barack Obama created the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument, incorporating these and other areas.

State protected areas

Mineral springs

In the late 19th century, the worldwide popularity of mineral water for the relief of myriad physical ailments resulted in the development of mineral resorts around Clear Lake.[16]

  • Greene Bartlett discovered Bartlett hot springs in 1870. The springs were developed into a resort and by 1900 included a mineral water bottling plant. The resort burned down in 1934.[17]
  • Harbin Hot Springs was developed by settlers in the 1860s. Harbin burned to the ground in the Valley Fire of 2015. In January 2019 it partially reopened, including the main pools and sauna, and a limited cafetaria service.[18]
  • Highland Springs opened in 1891, and was destroyed by fire in 1945. During its time, Highland had an elegant dining room and a spacious hotel.[16]
  • Saratoga Springs Resort was opened by J. J. Liebert in 1873 with several cabins, and within two decades had room for 350 guests.[19]
  • Witter Springs Resort opened in 1873 with a hotel and guest cottages.[19]

Climate

Lake County has a mediterranean climate with hot summer daytime temperatures in its lower elevations. Nighttime temperatures remain cool year-round, somewhat moderating average temperatures and relieving the summer heat.

Climate data for Clearlake, California (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24) 		81
(27) 		84
(29) 		94
(34) 		101
(38) 		114
(46) 		113
(45) 		112
(44) 		111
(44) 		104
(40) 		92
(33) 		78
(26) 		114
(46)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 55
(13) 		58
(14) 		62
(17) 		67
(19) 		75
(24) 		84
(29) 		92
(33) 		90
(32) 		85
(29) 		75
(24) 		62
(17) 		55
(13) 		72
(22)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 32
(0) 		34
(1) 		36
(2) 		39
(4) 		45
(7) 		51
(11) 		55
(13) 		53
(12) 		49
(9) 		42
(6) 		35
(2) 		32
(0) 		42
(6)
Record low °F (°C) 8
(−13) 		16
(−9) 		17
(−8) 		23
(−5) 		28
(−2) 		34
(1) 		39
(4) 		40
(4) 		30
(−1) 		21
(−6) 		19
(−7) 		6
(−14) 		6
(−14)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.45
(164) 		5.91
(150) 		4.53
(115) 		1.73
(44) 		1.13
(29) 		.22
(5.6) 		.02
(0.51) 		.10
(2.5) 		.43
(11) 		1.44
(37) 		3.51
(89) 		5.95
(151) 		31.42
(798.61)
Source: [20]

Air quality

Lake County has been ranked by the American Lung Association as having the cleanest air in the nation, including in 2013, 2014 and 2015.[21] Lake County has also been ranked 24 times as having the cleanest air in California.[21] Currently, the American Lung Association's website gives Lake County air a "C" grade for high ozone days and an "A" grade for particle pollution.[22]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18702,969—
18806,596122.2%
18907,1017.7%
19006,017−15.3%
19105,526−8.2%
19205,402−2.2%
19307,16632.7%
19408,06912.6%
195011,48142.3%
196013,78620.1%
197019,54841.8%
198036,36686.0%
199050,63139.2%
200058,30915.2%
201064,66510.9%
202068,1635.4%
2023 (est.)67,878[23]−0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[24]
1790–1960[25] 1900–1990[26]
1990–2000[27] 2010[28] 2020[29]

2020 census

Lake County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[30] Pop 2010[28] Pop 2020[29] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 46,933 47,938 44,202 80.49% 74.13% 64.85%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,209 1,186 1,158 2.07% 1.83% 1.70%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,413 1,530 1,737 2.42% 2.37% 2.55%
Asian alone (NH) 468 695 940 0.80% 1.07% 1.38%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 82 97 89 0.14% 0.15% 0.13%
Other Race alone (NH) 52 107 386 0.09% 0.17% 0.57%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 1,513 2,024 4,209 2.59% 3.13% 6.17%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 6,639 11,088 15,442 11.39% 17.15% 22.65%
Total 58,309 64,665 68,163 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census reported that Lake County had a population of 64,665. The racial makeup of Lake County was 52,033 (80.5%) White, 1,232 (1.9%) African American, 2,049 (3.2%) Native American, 724 (1.1%) Asian, 108 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 5,455 (8.4%) from other races, and 3,064 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11,088 persons (17.1%).[38]

2005

There were a total of 34,031 homes in Lake County in 2005. This county has gone through a growth in housing units, adding a sum of 1,414 residential structures since 2001, a change of 4.3 percent. Lake County ranks 978 of 3,141, compared to change in residential structure growth in counties throughout the Unities States.

Lake County had a median home value in the year 2005 of $255,300, according to the American Community Survey. This median is less than the overall California 2005 home median value of $477,700 and greater than median home value of $167,500 for the rest of the nation in that year. In 2005, the American Community Survey reported that 14.4% of Lake County's owner-occupied dwellings are valued over a half a million dollars.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $49,627, and the median income for a family was $55,818. Males had a median income of $45,771 versus $44,026 for females. The per capita income for the county was $43,825. About 6.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau)

Within Lake County are two incorporated cities, the county seat of Lakeport and Clearlake, the largest city, and the communities of Kelseyville, Blue Lakes, Clearlake Oaks, Clearlake Park, Cobb, Finley, Glenhaven, Hidden Valley Lake, Clearlake Riviera, Loch Lomond, Lower Lake, Lucerne, Middletown, Nice, Spring Valley, Upper Lake, Whispering Pines, and Witter Springs.

Lake County is mostly agricultural, with tourist facilities and some light industry. Major crops include pears, walnuts and, increasingly, wine grapes.

2000

According to official estimates based on the 2000 Census, 30% of housing units in Lake County were manufactured housing units.[39] This was the highest percentage of any California county.[40]

Politics

Overview

In its early history, Lake County leaned Democratic in Presidential and congressional elections. It supported every Democratic presidential candidate between 1864 and 1916 except Alton B. Parker in his 1904 landslide defeat.[41] Nonetheless, between 1920 and 1984 Lake County tended towards being Republican and was won by just four Democratic nominees – Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and Jimmy Carter in 1976. Ronald Reagan in 1984 remains the last Republican to win a majority in the county, which has reverted to leaning Democratic.[41] In 2016, Republicans broke 40% of the vote for the first time since 2004, and Democrats failed to win 50% of the vote for the first time since 1996. Democrats broke 50% again in 2020, increasing their margin of victory, although Republicans still increased their percentage of the vote.[42]

On November 4, 2008, Lake County voted 52.6% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[43]

In 2022, the county was won by Republicans in several statewide races.[44]

United States presidential election results for Lake County, California[45]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 13,123 45.27% 14,941 51.55% 922 3.18%
2016 10,603 42.95% 11,500 46.59% 2,581 10.46%
2012 9,200 39.33% 13,163 56.27% 1,028 4.39%
2008 9,935 38.76% 14,854 57.96% 840 3.28%
2004 11,093 44.88% 13,141 53.16% 485 1.96%
2000 8,699 41.58% 10,717 51.23% 1,503 7.18%
1996 7,458 34.96% 10,432 48.90% 3,445 16.15%
1992 6,678 28.77% 10,548 45.44% 5,987 25.79%
1988 9,366 48.03% 9,828 50.39% 308 1.58%
1984 10,874 54.83% 8,648 43.61% 309 1.56%
1980 8,934 53.64% 5,978 35.90% 1,742 10.46%
1976 5,462 44.46% 6,374 51.88% 449 3.65%
1972 6,477 55.12% 4,715 40.13% 558 4.75%
1968 4,464 49.00% 3,777 41.46% 870 9.55%
1964 3,616 43.56% 4,680 56.37% 6 0.07%
1960 4,176 58.74% 2,897 40.75% 36 0.51%
1956 4,073 64.84% 2,185 34.78% 24 0.38%
1952 4,367 67.52% 2,038 31.51% 63 0.97%
1948 3,054 57.27% 1,999 37.48% 280 5.25%
1944 2,059 54.97% 1,671 44.61% 16 0.43%
1940 2,215 53.36% 1,897 45.70% 39 0.94%
1936 1,797 48.74% 1,837 49.82% 53 1.44%
1932 1,301 34.75% 2,344 62.61% 99 2.64%
1928 1,820 65.37% 926 33.26% 38 1.36%
1924 795 44.94% 261 14.75% 713 40.31%
1920 993 57.23% 571 32.91% 171 9.86%
1916 791 35.42% 1,164 52.13% 278 12.45%
1912 0 0.00% 1,118 51.86% 1,038 48.14%
1908 625 42.84% 628 43.04% 206 14.12%
1904 641 45.40% 594 42.07% 177 12.54%
1900 584 41.45% 746 52.95% 79 5.61%
1896 546 38.00% 854 59.43% 37 2.57%
1892 532 37.15% 644 44.97% 256 17.88%

Lake County is in California's 4th congressional district, represented by Mike Thompson (D–St. Helena).[46]

In the state legislature, Lake is in the 4th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Cecilia Aguiar-Curry, and the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire.

Voter registration

Eligible and registered voters[47]
Eligible 51,169
Total registered voters 37,368 73.03%
    Democratic 13,867 37.11%
    Republican 11,953 31.98%
    American Independent 2,321 6.21%
    Green 318 0.85%
    Libertarian 551 1.47%
    Peace and Freedom 341 0.91%
    Unknown 126 0.33%
    Other 272 0.80%
    No party preference 7,619 20.39%

Crime

The table below includes the number of actual offenses (including attempts) as reported by the Lake County Sheriff's Office, and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense (crime for the cities of Lakeport and Clearlake is not included and listed in separate table further below).

Population and crime rates (2020)
Population[5] 68,163
  Homicide[48] 1 0.01
  Rape[48] 13 0.19
  Robbery[48] 11 0.16
  Assault[48] 612 8.97
  Larceny[48] 226 3.29
  Burglary[48] 239 3.50
  Motor vehicle theft[48] 5 0.07
Cities by population and crime (2019)
City Population[49] Violent crimes[49] Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons 		Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter Rape Robbery Aggravated assault Property crimes[49] Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons 		Burglary Larceny-theft Motor vehicle theft Arson
Clearlake 15,400 119 7.72 1 19 36 63 460 29.87 146 210 104 11
Lakeport 4,959 34 6.85 0 3 7 24 160 32.26 29 110 21 0

CAL FIRE determined 8 wildfires in their jurisdiction in Lake County were caused by arson in 2023.[50]

Economy

The county's largest employers are the healthcare industry, Native American casinos, grocery stores, school districts, and electricity company Calpine, which operates in the Geysers geothermal field in the Mayacamas Mountains.[51]

The only significant manufacturing operations in Lake County are Stokes Ladders in Kelseyville, which builds orchard and industrial ladders,[52] and Reynolds Systems in Middletown, which specializes in detonators, igniters, precision initiating couplers, leads and boosters for the aerospace industry.

Lake County's economy is largely driven by agriculture. The main crops in 2022 were:[53][54]

Crop Production (tons) Value Bearing acres
Grapes (wine) 45,637 $84,756,086[55] 10,987
Pears 16,371 $16,286,443[55] 1,375.5
Walnuts 262 $239,959[55] 3,485
Nursery production $624,085 16
Vegetables (misc.) $287,078 9
Cannabis (mixed light) unknown 7.6
Cannabis (outdoor) unknown 178

Wine Country

Lake County vineyards
Main article: Lake County wine

The first vineyards in Lake County were planted in the late 19th century, but Prohibition and its remoteness dealt a blow to the area's viticulture. A reemergence of the wine industry began in the 1970s, although most of the region's grapes are still trucked to neighboring Napa, Sonoma and Mendocino counties for vinification. The county saw its vineyard acreage increase from fewer than 100 acres (40 ha) in 1965 to more than 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) in 2023[56]

The region is host to nine American Viticultural Areas, notably Guenoc Valley, High Valley and the Red Hills, and about 20 winery operations.

Transportation

Major highways

There are also several numbered county routes in Lake County.

Public transportation

Lake Transit serves all areas around Clear Lake. Local routes serve Lakeport, Clearlake and Lower Lake. Connections are also provided to St. Helena (in Napa County) and Ukiah (in Mendocino County). Some routes operate on weekdays only; no service is provided on Sundays and observed public holidays.[57][58]

Airports

Lampson Field (IATA: CKE, ICAO: LID, FAA LID: 1O2) is the county's public airport. A 4,000 foot (1,200 m) airstrip is located in Gravelly Valley, north of Lake Pillsbury.[59] There are also several private airstrips located throughout the county. The county was once host to the Paul Hoberg Airport in the Cobb area, which by the early 1980s was considered abandoned.[60]

Historical railroads

In 1888 the Vaca Valley and Clear Lake Railroad reached Rumsey, but the planned line to Clear Lake was never built. The Clear Lake Railroad started work on a line from Hopland to Lakeport: "In November 1911 first ground was broken for the Hopland-Clear Lake railroad to Hopland. Mrs Harriet Lee Hammond, wife of the president of the road started construction. ... There were six miles of track out of Hopland ...", but this was also abandoned.[61][62][63]

Communities

Topological map of central Lake County

Cities

Census-designated places

★ As of 2022, the U.S. Census continues to use the community's former name of Clear Lake Riviera.

Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Lake County.[64]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 Clearlake City 15,250
2 Hidden Valley Lake CDP 5,579
3 † Lakeport City 4,753
4 Kelseyville CDP 3,353
5 North Lakeport CDP 3,314
6 Clearlake Riviera CDP 3,090
7 Lucerne CDP 3,067
8 Nice CDP 2,731
9 Clearlake Oaks CDP 2,359
10 Cobb CDP 1,778
11 Middletown CDP 1,323
12 Lower Lake CDP 1,294
13 Upper Lake CDP 1,052
14 Soda Bay CDP 1,016
15 Spring Valley CDP 845
16 Robinson Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[65] AIAN 207
17 Big Valley Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[66] AIAN 139
18 Upper Lake Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[67] AIAN 87
19 Sulphur Bank Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[68] AIAN 61
20 Middletown Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[69] AIAN 56

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

References

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  4. ^ "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Lake County, CA". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
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  6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
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  10. ^ "Our Mission/History".
  11. ^ "Lake County, California". Genealogy Trails. 2006. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
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  14. ^ California Secretary of State (1911). California Blue Book. p. 655.
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  18. ^ https://www.sfgate.com/weather/article/Harbin-Hot-Springs-opening-pools-reservations-fire-13535539.php Clothing optional resort Harbin Hot Springs reopens its pools 3 years after wildfire
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