Libya (satrapy)

Achaemenid Libya
𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎹, Putāya

Libyan soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BCE. Xerxes I tomb relief.

Western part of the Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent, circa 500 BCE.

Libya (Old Persian: 𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎹 Putāya) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, that corresponded to the current region of eastern Libya (Cyrenaica), according to King Darius I of Persia Naqshe Rustam and King Xerxes I of Persia' Daiva inscription. It is also mentioned as being part of the 6th district by Herodotus, which also included Cyrene, a Greek colony in Libya.^[1]

When King Cambyses II of Persia conquered Egypt, the king of Cyrene, Arcesilaus III, sided with Persia. When he was killed trying to maintain power, Queen Pheretima invited the Persians to take Cyrene. The satrap of Egypt, Aryandes, accepted, sending an army under two Persians to support Pheretime. The expedition lasted nearly a year and resulted in the subjugation of the Libyans; the Persians penetrated as far west as the Euhesperides (Benghazi). A puppet king, Battus IV, was installed, and the current region of eastern Libya (Cyrenaica) was made into a Persian satrapy. It is possible that Cyrene gained independence with the rebellion of Egypt in 404 BCE, but certainly, Achaemenid control of the region was lost after Alexander's conquests.^[2][3]