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Nebsenre

Nebsenre
Ranebsen
Small jar and jar lid with cartouche of Nebsenre
Small jar and jar lid with cartouche of Nebsenre
Pharaoh
Reignat least 5 months in the first half of the 17th century BCE
PredecessorHeribre
Successorunknown
Royal titulary
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Nebsenre
Nb.sn Rˁ
Their Lord is Ra[1]
M23
t		 L2
t		 <
N5nbsn
Z2
>
[2]
Dynasty14th Dynasty

Nebsenre (meaning "Their Lord is Ra"[1]) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Nebsenre reigned for a least five months over the Eastern and possibly Western Nile Delta, some time during the first half of the 17th century BCE.[3] As such Nebsenre was a contemporary of the Memphis based 13th Dynasty.

Attestations

Historical source

The prenomen "Nebsenre" is preserved on the ninth column, 14th row[note 1] of the Turin canon, a list of kings written during the reign of Ramses II (1279–1213 BCE) which serves as the primary historical source for the Second Intermediate Period.[5] The canon further credits Nebsenre with a lost number of years, five months and 20 days of reign following Heribre on the throne.[6] The prenomen of Nebsenre's successor is written as wsf on the Turin king list,[6][7] indicating that his name was already lost in a lacuna of the document from which the canon was copied in Ramesside times.[8]

Contemporary artefact

Nebsenre is one of only four[9] kings of the 14th Dynasty to be attested by an artefact contemporary with his reign: a jar of unknown provenance bearing his prenomen, which was in the private Michailidis collection.[10][4]

Chronological position

According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Nebsenre was the 14th king of the 14th Dynasty,[11] a line of rulers of Canaanite descent reigning over the Eastern Nile Delta from c. 1700 BCE until c. 1650 BCE.[note 2] Alternatively the Egyptologist Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the fifteenth ruler, due to a differing reconstruction of the early 14th Dynasty.[14]

Notes

  1. ^ Following Ryholt's reconstruction of the Turin canon. This corresponds to the eighth column, fourteenth row in the reconstruction of the canon of Gardiner and von Beckerath.[4]
  2. ^ Ryholt dates the beginning of the 14th Dynasty to c. 1800 BCE,[3] adding five kings to it before Nehesy. This is rejected by most Egyptologists who consider Nehesy to have been either the founder[12] or the second king of the dynasty.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Leprohon 2013, p. 205.
  2. ^ Baker 2008, pp. 247–248.
  3. ^ a b Ryholt 1997, p. 409.
  4. ^ a b Baker 2008, p. 248.
  5. ^ Ryholt 1997, pp. 9–18.
  6. ^ a b Ryholt 1997, p. 198.
  7. ^ Ryholt 2012, p. 31.
  8. ^ Ryholt 1997, p. 10–11.
  9. ^ Bourriau 2003, p. 178.
  10. ^ Kaplony 1973, p. 15, pl. 10, 23 [Cat. 41].
  11. ^ Ryholt 1997, p. 98.
  12. ^ Quirke 2001, p. 261.
  13. ^ von Beckerath 1999, pp. 108–109, king 2.
  14. ^ von Beckerath 1999, pp. 108–109, king 15.

Bibliography

  • Baker, Darrell D. (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300–1069 BC). London: Bannerstone Press. ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9.
  • Bourriau, Janine (2003). "The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC)". In Shaw, Ian (ed.). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (new ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280458-7.
  • Kaplony, Peter (1973). Beschriftete Kleinfunde in der Sammlung Georges Michailidis: Ergebnisse einer Bestandsaufnahme im Sommer 1968. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul, 32. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut in het Nabije Oosten. OCLC 1064212.
  • Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). The great name: ancient Egyptian royal titulary. Writings from the ancient world, no. 33. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58-983736-2.
  • Quirke, Stephen (2001). "Second Intermediate Period". In Redford, Donald B. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3. Oxford University Press. pp. 260–265. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
  • Ryholt, Kim (1997). The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C. CNI publications, 20. Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen : Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-87-7289-421-8.
  • Ryholt, Kim (2012). "The Royal Canon of Turin". In Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David (eds.). Ancient Egyptian Chronology. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 26–32. ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5. ISSN 0169-9423.
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999). Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (in German). Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-8053-2591-2.
Preceded by
Heribre
 Pharaoh of Egypt
Fourteenth Dynasty 		Succeeded by
unknown
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