Olodaterol

Olodaterol
Clinical data
Pronunciation	Striverdi Respimat /ˈstrɪvərdi ˈrɛspɪmæt/ STRIV-ər-dee RES-pim-at
Trade names	Striverdi Respimat
Other names	BI 1744 CL
AHFS/Drugs.com	UK Drug Information
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3; ;
Routes of; administration	Inhalation (MDI)
ATC code	R03AC19 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~30% (inhalation)
Protein binding	~60%
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	7.5 hours
Excretion	Feces (53%), urine (38%) — following IV administration
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 6-hydroxy-8-{(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]amino}ethyl}-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one;
CAS Number	868049-49-4;
PubChem CID	11504295;
IUPHAR/BPS	7543;
DrugBank	DB09080;
ChemSpider	9679097;
UNII	VD2YSN1AFD;
KEGG	D10145;
ChEBI	CHEBI:82700 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL605846;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID601024792 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.245.535
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H26N2O5
Molar mass	386.448 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES COc1ccc(CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)c2cc(O)cc3c2OCC(=O)N3)cc1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H26N2O5/c1-21(2,10-13-4-6-15(27-3)7-5-13)22-11-18(25)16-8-14(24)9-17-20(16)28-12-19(26)23-17/h4-9,18,22,24-25H,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,23,26)/t18-/m0/s1; Key:COUYJEVMBVSIHV-SFHVURJKSA-N;

Olodaterol (trade name Striverdi Respimat) is an ultra-long-acting β adrenoreceptor agonist (ultra-LABA) used as an inhalation for treating people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim.^[2]

Medical uses

Olodaterol is a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in people with COPD.^[3] While it appears to reduce COPD exacerbations it does not appear to alter the speed at which a person's lungs worsen or alter their life expectancy.^[3]

As of December 2013^[update], olodaterol is not approved as a treatment of asthma. It is administered in an inhaler called Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler.

Adverse effects

Adverse effects generally were rare and mild in clinical studies. Most common, but still affecting no more than 1% of patients, were nasopharyngitis (running nose), dizziness and rash. To judge from the drug's mechanism of action and from experiences with related drugs, hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (fast heartbeat), hypokalemia (low blood levels of potassium), shaking, etc., might occur in some patients, but these effects have rarely, if at all, been observed in studies.^[2]

Interactions

Based on theoretical considerations, co-application of other beta-adrenoceptor agonists, potassium lowering drugs (e.g. corticosteroids, many diuretics, and theophylline), tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors could increase the likelihood of adverse effects to occur. Beta blockers, a group of drugs for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and various conditions of the heart, could reduce the efficacy of olodaterol.^[2] Clinical data on the relevance of such interactions are very limited.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Like all β adrenoreceptor agonists, olodaterol mimics the effect of epinephrine at β₂ receptors in the lung, which causes the bronchi to relax and reduces their resistance to airflow.^[4]

Olodaterol is a nearly full β₂ agonist, having 88% intrinsic activity compared to the gold standard isoprenaline/isoproterenol). Its half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) is 0.1 nM. It has a higher in vitro selectivity for β₂ receptors than the related drugs formoterol and salmeterol: 241-fold versus β₁ and 2299-fold versus β₃ adrenergic receptors.^[5] The high β₂/β₁ selectivity may account for the apparent lack of tachycardia in clinical trials, which is mediated by β₁ receptors on the heart.

Pharmacokinetics

Olodaterol is substantially metabolized by glucuronidation (UGT2B7, UGT1A1, UGT1A9) and O-demethylation (CYP2C8, CYP2C9).^[1]

Pharmacodynamics

Once bound to a β₂ receptor, an olodaterol molecule stays there for hours — its dissociation half-life is 17.8 hours — which allows for once-a-day administration of the drug^[4] like with indacaterol. Other related compounds generally have a shorter duration of action and have to be administered twice daily (e.g., formoterol, salmeterol). Still others (e.g., salbutamol/аlbuterol, fenoterol) have to be used three or four times a day for continuous action, which may be an advantage for patients who need β₂ agonists only occasionally; for example, in an asthma attack.^[6]

History

On 29 January 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee (PADAC) recommended that the clinical data included in the new drug application (NDA) for olodaterol provide substantial evidence of safety and efficacy to support the approval of olodaterol as a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment for airflow obstruction in patients with COPD.^[7]

On 18 October 2013 approval of olodaterol in the first three European countries — the United Kingdom, Denmark and Iceland — was announced by the manufacturer.^[8]

On July 31, 2014 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol inhalation spray) to treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema that are experiencing airflow obstruction.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b "Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol) Inhalation Spray For Oral Inhalation. U.S. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Striverdi UK Drug Information
^ ^a ^b Melani, AS (October 2018). "Olodaterol for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 19 (14): 1603–1611. doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1518431. PMID 30311516. S2CID 52964136.
^ ^a ^b Casarosa P, Kollak I, Kiechle T, Ostermann A, Schnapp A, Kiesling R, et al. (June 2011). "Functional and biochemical rationales for the 24-hour-long duration of action of olodaterol" (PDF). The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 337 (3): 600–9. doi:10.1124/jpet.111.179259. PMID 21357659. S2CID 15863445.
^ Bouyssou T, Casarosa P, Naline E, Pestel S, Konetzki I, Devillier P, Schnapp A (July 2010). "Pharmacological characterization of olodaterol, a novel inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonist exerting a 24-hour-long duration of action in preclinical models". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 334 (1): 53–62. doi:10.1124/jpet.110.167007. PMID 20371707. S2CID 7994712.
^ Haberfeld, H, ed. (2009). Austria-Codex (in German) (2009/2010 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. ISBN 978-3-85200-196-8.
^ Hollis A (31 January 2013). "Panel Overwhelmingly Supports Boehringer COPD Drug Striverdi". FDA News/Drug Industry Daily.
^ "New once-daily Striverdi (olodaterol) Respimat gains approval in first EU countries". Boehringer-Ingelheim. 18 October 2013.
^ "FDA approves Striverdi Respimat to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". FDA News/Drug Industry Daily. 31 July 2014.