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Pachyornis

Pachyornis Temporal range: Late Pleistocene-Holocene

P. elephantopus skeleton photographed by Roger Fenton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Order:	†Dinornithiformes
Family:	†Emeidae
Genus:	†Pachyornis (Lydekker, 1891)
Species
Pachyornis elephantopus Heavy-footed Moa Pachyornis australis Crested Moa Pachyornis geranoides Mantell's Moa Pachyornis new lineage A (undescribed taxon) Pachyornis new lineage B (undescribed taxon)

Pachyornis is an extinct genus of ratites from New Zealand which belonged to the moa family. Like all ratites it was a member of the order Struthioniformes. The Struthioniformes are flightless birds with a sternum without a keel. They also have a distinctive palate.^[1] This genus contains three species,^[1] and are part of the Anomalopteryginae or lesser moa subfamily. Pachyornis moa were the stoutest and most heavy-legged genus of the family, the most notable species being Pachyornis elephantopus - the heavy-footed moa. They were generally similar to the eastern moa or the broad-billed moa of the genus Euryapteryx, but differed in having a pointed bill and being more heavyset in general. At least one species (P. australis) is assumed to have had a crest of long feathers on its head.^[2] The species became rapidly extinct following human colonization of New Zealand, with the possible exception of P. australis, which may have already been extinct by then - although the most recent moa skeleton ever described is a partial skeleton of this species, radiocarbon dated to between 1396 and 1442. ^{[unreliable source?]}

Two new genetic lineages, which may eventually be described as new species, are now known to have existed, one each from New Zealand's North and South Island.^[3]

Restoration of Dinornis giganteus and Pachyornis elephantopus, both from South Island

References

^ ^a ^b Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003). "Moas". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 95–98. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
^ Tennyson, Alan; Martinson, Paul (2006-01-01). Extinct Birds of New Zealand. Te Papa Press. ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8.
^ Baker, Allan J.; Huynen, Leon J.; Haddrath, Oliver; Millar, Craig D.; Lambert, David M. (2005). "Reconstructing the tempo and mode of evolution in an extinct clade of birds with ancient DNA: The giant moas of New Zealand" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (23): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.8257B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409435102. PMC 1149408. PMID 15928096.

Bibliography

Lydekker, Richard (2006) [1891]. "Genus Pachyornis". Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). London, UK: Adamant Media Corporation. p. 318. ISBN 0-543-95778-0.
Worthy, Trevor H. (2005). "Rediscovery of the types of Dinornis curtus Owen and Palapteryx geranoides Owen, with a new synonymy (Aves: Dinornithiformes)" (PDF). Tuhinga (16): 33–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-02-15.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pachyornis.

NZBirds

Palaeognath genera

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves

Avemetatarsalia

- see Avemetatarsalia

Theropoda

- see Theropoda

Maniraptora

see Maniraptora
Palaeognathae	see below↓

Palaeognathae

†Asteriornis? †Eremopezus? †Limenavis?
†Lithornithidae	Calciavis Fissuravis Lithornis Paracathartes Pseudocrypturus

Struthioniformes

†Remiornis?
†Geranoididae?	Eogeranoides Galligeranoides? Geranodornis Palaeophasianus Paragrus
†Palaeotididae?	Palaeotis Galligeranoides?
†Eogruidae?	Eogrus Sonogrus
†Ergilornithidae?	Amphipelargus Ergilornis Sinoergilornis Urmiornis
Struthionidae	†Orientornis †Pachystruthio? Struthio

Notopalaeognathae	see below↓

Notopalaeognathae

Rheiformes

†Opisthodactylidae	Diogenornis? Opisthodactylus
Rheidae	†Heterorhea †Hinasuri †Protorhea Rhea

†Dinornithiformes

Dinornis Megalapteryx
Emeidae	Anomalopteryx Emeus Euryapteryx Pachyornis

Tinamidae

†Miniothura †Querandiornis †Roveretornis
Tinaminae	Crypturellus Nothocercus Tinamus
Nothurinae	Eudromia Nothoprocta Nothura Rhynchotus Taoniscus Tinamotis

Novaeratitae

Apterygidae

Apteryx
†Proapteryx

†Aepyornithidae

Aepyornis
Mullerornis

Casuariiformes

†Diogenornis?
Casuariidae	Casuarius Dromaius †Emuarius

Ootaxa
Diamantornis Incognitoolithus Medioolithus Namornis Psammornis Tsondabornis

Category

Taxon identifiers
Pachyornis	Wikidata: Q3062168 Wikispecies: Pachyornis BHL: 8390099 GBIF: 4573198 iNaturalist: 379612 IRMNG: 1431741 NCBI: 8814 NZOR: 3b9722e1-d1ab-401a-8d65-c1136e02aaba Open Tree of Life: 816659 Paleobiology Database: 39301

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