Pennine Alps

Pennine Alps
Pennine Alps
French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae
	View of Pennine Alps from Riederalp
Highest point
Peak	Italian: Punta Dufour/German: Dufourspitze
Elevation	4,634 m (15,203 ft)
Coordinates	45°56′12″N 7°52′00″E / 45.93667°N 7.86667°E
Geography
	Map of Pennine Alps and their location in Switzerland and Italy (red)
Countries	Italy; Switzerland;
Regions/Canton	Aosta Valley; Piedmont; Valais;
Range coordinates	46°05′N 7°50′E / 46.083°N 7.833°E
Parent range	Alps
Borders on	Bernese Alps; Graian Alps; Lepontine Alps; Po Valley;

The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.^[1]

Geography

The Italian side is drained by the rivers Dora Baltea, Sesia and Toce, tributaries of the Po. The Swiss side is drained by the Rhône.

The Great St Bernard Tunnel, under the Great St Bernard Pass, leads from Martigny, Switzerland to Aosta.

Morphology

The main chain (watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea) runs from west to east on the border between Italy (south) and Switzerland (north). From Mont Vélan, the first high summit east of St Bernard Pass, the chain rarely goes below 3000 metres and contains many four-thousanders such as Matterhorn or Monte Rosa. The valleys are quite similar on both side of the border, being generally oriented perpendicular to the main chain and descending progressively into the Rhône Valley on the north and the Aosta Valley on the south. Unlike many other mountain ranges, the higher peaks are often located outside the main chain and found themselves between the northern valleys (Grand Combin, Weisshorn, Mischabel, Weissmies).

Peaks

Aerial view of the Pennine Alps from a plane above Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco)
Monte Rosa
Matterhorn (Cervino)

The chief peaks of the Pennine Alps are:

Name	Height
Dufourspitze	4,634 m (15,203 ft)
Nordend	4,608 m (15,118 ft)
Zumsteinspitze	4,563 m (14,970 ft)
Signalkuppe	4,554 m (14,941 ft)
Dom	4,546 m (14,915 ft)
Liskamm	4,532 m (14,869 ft)
Weisshorn	4,505 m (14,780 ft)
Täschhorn	4,491 m (14,734 ft)
Matterhorn	4,478 m (14,692 ft)
Parrotspitze	4,434 m (14,547 ft)
Dent Blanche	4,357 m (14,295 ft)
Nadelhorn	4,327 m (14,196 ft)
Grand Combin	4,309 m (14,137 ft)
Lenzspitze	4,294 m (14,088 ft)
Stecknadelhorn	4,240 m (13,911 ft)
Castor	4,225 m (13,862 ft)
Zinalrothorn	4,221 m (13,848 ft)
Hohberghorn	4,218 m (13,839 ft)
Alphubel	4,206 m (13,799 ft)
Rimpfischhorn	4,199 m (13,776 ft)
Strahlhorn	4,190 m (13,747 ft)
Dent d'Hérens	4,173 m (13,691 ft)
Breithorn	4,160 m (13,648 ft)
Bishorn	4,151 m (13,619 ft)
Breithornzwillinge	4,138 m (13,576 ft)
Pollux	4,089 m (13,415 ft)
Ober Gabelhorn	4,063 m (13,330 ft)
Dürrenhorn	4,035 m (13,238 ft)
Allalinhorn	4,027 m (13,212 ft)
Weissmies	4,013 m (13,166 ft)
Lagginhorn	4,010 m (13,156 ft)
Fletschhorn	3,985 m (13,074 ft)
Adlerhorn	3,988 m (13,084 ft)
Schalihorn	3,974 m (13,038 ft)
Jägerhorn	3,970 m (13,025 ft)
Grand Cornier	3,962 m (12,999 ft)
Ulrichshorn	3,925 m (12,877 ft)
Wellenkuppe	3,898 m (12,789 ft)
Feechopf	3,888 m (12,756 ft)
Klein Matterhorn	3,883 m (12,740 ft)
Pointe du Mountet	3,877 m (12,720 ft)
La Ruinette	3,875 m (12,713 ft)

Name	Height
Mont Blanc de Cheilon	3,870 m (12,697 ft)
Bouquetins	3,838 m (12,592 ft)
Tour de Boussine	3,833 m (12,575 ft)
Brunegghorn	3,831 m (12,569 ft)
Balfrin	3,796 m (12,454 ft)
Cima di Jazzi	3,792 m (12,441 ft)
Pigne d'Arolla	3,787 m (12,425 ft)
Mont Vélan	3,765 m (12,352 ft)
Kinhorn	3,750 m (12,303 ft)
L'Évêque	3,738 m (12,264 ft)
Tête Blanche	3,710 m (12,172 ft)
Le Pleureur	3,706 m (12,159 ft)
Aiguille de la Tsa	3,668 m (12,034 ft)
Besso	3,667 m (12,031 ft)
Mont Collon	3,637 m (11,932 ft)
Les Diablons	3,605 m (11,827 ft)
Pointes de Mourti	3,564 m (11,693 ft)
Le Ritord	3,556 m (11,667 ft)
Dents de Bertol	3,547 m (11,637 ft)
Mont Gelé	3,518 m (11,542 ft)
Petite Aiguille	3,517 m (11,539 ft)
Becca di Luseney	3,506 m (11,503 ft)
Château des Dames	3,489 m (11,447 ft)
Tällihorn	3,448 m (11,312 ft)
Pigne de la Lé	3,396 m (11,142 ft)
Grand Tournalin	3,379 m (11,086 ft)
Rosablanche	3,348 m (10,984 ft)
Wasuhorn	3,343 m (10,968 ft)
Mont Avril	3,341 m (10,961 ft)
Almagellhorn	3,327 m (10,915 ft)
Grande Rochère	3,326 m (10,912 ft)
Corno Bianco	3,320 m (10,892 ft)
Testa Grigia	3,315 m (10,876 ft)
La Cassorte	3,301 m (10,830 ft)
Böshorn	3,268 m (10,722 ft)
Le Parrain	3,259 m (10,692 ft)
Sasseneire	3,259 m (10,692 ft)
Bösentrift	3,248 m (10,656 ft)
Festihorn	3,248 m (10,656 ft)
Grand Golliat	3,240 m (10,630 ft)
Jazzihorn	3,227 m (10,587 ft)
Pizzo Bianco	3,216 m (10,551 ft)
Mont de la Gouille	3,212 m (10,538 ft)
Latelhorn	3,207 m (10,522 ft)
Jegihorn	3,206 m (10,518 ft)

Name	Height
Schwarzhorn	3,204 m (10,512 ft)
Lammenhorn	3,190 m (10,466 ft)
Gornergrat	3,136 m (10,289 ft)
Pointe d'Ar Pitetta	3,133 m (10,279 ft)
Corno di Faller	3,128 m (10,262 ft)
Frilihorn	3,124 m (10,249 ft)
Mont Rogneux	3,084 m (10,118 ft)
Le Boudri	3,070 m (10,072 ft)
Mont Néry	3,070 m (10,072 ft)
Seetalhorn	3,037 m (9,964 ft)
Bella Tola	3,028 m (9,934 ft)
Corno Bussola	3,023 m (9,918 ft)
Le Toûno	3,018 m (9,902 ft)
Sparruhorn	2,988 m (9,803 ft)
Monte Tagliaferro	2,964 m (9,724 ft)
Pointe de Barasson	2,963 m (9,721 ft)
Mont Blava	2,932 m (9,619 ft)
Riffelhorn	2,931 m (9,616 ft)
Palanche de la Cretta	2,927 m (9,603 ft)
Bec de la Montau	2,922 m (9,587 ft)
Ochsehorn	2,912 m (9,554 ft)
Signalhorn	2,911 m (9,551 ft)
Sex de Marinda	2,906 m (9,534 ft)
Aiguille des Angroniettes	2,885 m (9,465 ft)
Balmahorn	2,870 m (9,416 ft)
Roc d'Orzival	2,853 m (9,360 ft)
Le Mourin	2,766 m (9,075 ft)
Pletschuhorn	2,751 m (9,026 ft)
Becca de Corbassière	2,749 m (9,019 ft)
Cima del Rosso	2,624 m (8,609 ft)
Wenghorn	2,587 m (8,488 ft)
Cima di Bo	2,556 m (8,386 ft)
Ergischhorn	2,526 m (8,287 ft)
Glishorn	2,525 m (8,284 ft)
Crêta de Vella	2,519 m (8,264 ft)
Six Blanc	2,445 m (8,022 ft)
Cima Verosso	2,444 m (8,018 ft)
Guggilihorn	2,351 m (7,713 ft)
Testa di Comagna	2,106 m (6,909 ft)

Glaciers

Main glaciers:

Passes

The chief passes of the Pennine Alps are:^[2]

Mountain pass	location	type	elevation
Sesiajoch	Zermatt to Alagna	snow	4,424	14,515
Domjoch	Randa to Saas-Fee	snow	4,286	14,062
Lisjoch	Zermatt to Gressoney-La-Trinité	snow	4,277	14,033
Mischabeljoch	Zermatt to Saas-Fee	snow	3,856	12,651
Alphubel Pass	Zermatt to Saas-Fee	snow	3,802	12,474
Adler Pass	Zermatt to Saas-Fee	snow	3,798	12,461
Moming Pass	Zermatt to Zinal	snow	3,745	12,287
Schwarztor	Zermatt to Ayas	snow	3,741	12,274
Ried Pass	Sankt-Niklaus to Saas-Fee	snow	3,597	11,800
Neues Weisstor	Zermatt to Macugnaga	snow	3,580	11,746
Allalin Pass	Zermatt to Saas-Fee	snow	3,570	11,713
Col de Valpelline	Zermatt to Aosta	snow	3,562	11,687
Biesjoch	Randa to Turtmann	snow	3,549	11,644
Triftjoch	Zermatt to Zinal	snow	3,540	11,615
Col du Sonadon	Bourg-Saint-Pierre to the Val de Bagnes	snow	3,489	11,447
Col d'Herens	Zermatt to Evolène	snow	3,480	11,418
Col Durand	Zermatt to Zinal	snow	3,474	11,398
Col des Maisons Blanches	Bourg-Saint-Pierre to the Val de Bagnes	snow	3,426	11,241
Col de Bertol	Arolla to the Col d'Herens	snow	3,414	11,200
Col du Mont Rouge	Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence	snow	3,341	10,962
Theodulpass	Zermatt to Valtournenche	snow	3,322	10,899
Col de Tracuit	Zinal to Turtmann	snow	3,252	10,670
Zwischbergen Pass	Saas-Fee to Gondo	snow	3,248	10,657
Col d'Oren	Val de Bagnes to the Valpelline	snow	3,242	10,637
Col de Seilon	Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence	snow	3,200	10,499
Col du Cret	Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence	snow	3,148	10,329
Col de Valcournera	Valtournenche to the Valpelline	snow	3,147	10,325
Col de Collon	Arolla to Aosta	snow	3,130	10,270
Col de Valsorey	Bourg-Saint-Pierre to Aosta	snow	3,113	10'214
Col de Chermontane	Val de Bagnes to Arolla	snow	3084	10,119
Cimes Blanches	Valtournenche to Ayas	bridle path	2,980	9,777
Col de Torrent	Evolène to the Val de Torrent	bridle path	2,924	9,593
Augstbord Pass	Sankt-Niklaus to Turtmann	bridle path	2,893	9,492
Col de Crête Sèche	Val de Bagnes to the Valpelline	snow	2,888	9,475
Col d'Olen	Alagna to Gressoney	bridle path	2,871	9,420
Monte Moro	Saas-Fee to Macugnaga	bridle path	2,862	9,390
Pas de Chevres	Arolla to the Val d'Hérémence	footpath	2,851	9,354
Antrona Pass	Saas-Fee to Antrona	bridle path	2,844	9,331
Col de Sorebois	Zinal to the Val de Torrent	bridle path	2,825	9,269
Col de Vessona	Valpelline to Nus	footpath	2,794	9,167
Fenêtre de Durand	Val de Bagnes to Aosta	bridle path	2,786	9,141
Z'Meiden Pass	Zinal to Turtmann	bridle path	2,772	9,095
Turlo Pass	Alagna to Macugnaga	footpath	2,736	8,977
Fenêtre de Ferret	Great St Bernard to the Swiss Val Ferret	bridle path	2,699	8,855
Bettaforca Pass^[3] (Bättforko)	Ayas to Gressoney-La-Trinité	bridle path	2,676	8,780
Col Serena	Great St Bernard to Morgex	footpath	2,538	8,327
Col Ferret	Courmayeur to Orsières	bridle path	2,533	8,311
Col de Valdobbia	Gressoney to the Val Sesia	bridle path	2,479	8,134
Great St Bernard	Martigny to Aosta	road	2,472	8,111
Col de Moud	Alagna to Rima	bridle path	2,323	7,622
Col d'Egua	Rima to the Valle Anzasca	bridle path	2,236	7,336
Simplon Pass	Brig to Domodossola	road	2,009	6,592
Bocchetta del Croso	Piedicavallo to Valsesia	bridle path	1,941	6,374
Baranca Pass	Varallo to the Val Anzasca	bridle path	1,820	5,971

Nature conservation

Some regional nature parks, like the Parco Naturale Alta Valsesia (6,511 ha - Piedmont, IT),^[4] the Riserva Naturale Mont Mars (390 ha - Aosta Valley, IT) ^[5] and the Regional park of Binn valley (15,891 ha - Valais, CH),^[6] have been established on both sides of the main water divide.

Maps

Swiss official cartography (Swiss Federal Office of Topography - Swisstopo); on-line version: map.geo.admin.ch
Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it

References

^ Natural Wonders of the World. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2017. p. 138. ISBN 9780241428436. The Alps contain many subranges, some of which are mapped below. The loftiest are the Pennine Alps, which contain 13 of the highest 20 alpine peaks; the Bernese Alps contain four; and the Mont Blanc Massif in the Graian Alps has three.
^ Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Alps" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 743.
^ Hilary Sharp, Tour of Monte Rosa: A Trekker's Guide.
^ Parco Naturale Alta Valsesia site on www.parks.it (accessed in April 2012)
^ Parco del Mont Avic park site on www.parks.it (accessed in April 2012)
^ Ein regionaler Naturpark, park site on www.landschaftspark-binntal.ch (accessed in April 2012)

[1] Natural Wonders of the World. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2017. p. 138. ISBN 9780241428436. The Alps contain many subranges, some of which are mapped below. The loftiest are the Pennine Alps, which contain 13 of the highest 20 alpine peaks; the Bernese Alps contain four; and the Mont Blanc Massif in the Graian Alps has three.

[2] Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Alps" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 743.

[3] Hilary Sharp, Tour of Monte Rosa: A Trekker's Guide.

[4] Parco Naturale Alta Valsesia site on www.parks.it (accessed in April 2012)

[5] Parco del Mont Avic park site on www.parks.it (accessed in April 2012)

[6] Ein regionaler Naturpark, park site on www.landschaftspark-binntal.ch (accessed in April 2012)

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