Pope Theodore I

Pope

Theodore I
Pope; Theodore I
Bishop of Rome
Church	Catholic Church
Papacy began	24 November 642
Papacy ended	14 May 649
Predecessor	John IV
Successor	Martin I
Personal details
Born	Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire
Died	14 May 649; Rome
	Other popes named Theodore

Pope Theodore I (Latin: Theodorus I; died 14 May 649) was the bishop of Rome from 24 November 642 to his death. His pontificate was dominated by the struggle with Monothelitism.

Early career

According to the Liber Pontificalis, Theodore was a Greek man from Jerusalem whose father, Theodore, had been a bishop in the city; he is the only pope to have been a native of that city.^[2] He was among the many Syrian clergy who fled to Rome following the Muslim conquest of the Levant.^[3] He was made a cardinal deacon possibly around 640 and a full cardinal by Pope John IV.

Pontificate

Theodore I's election was supported by the exarch of Ravenna, who governed Italy in the name of the emperor in Constantinople. He was installed on 24 November 642, succeeding John IV. ^[4] The main focus of his pontificate was the continued struggle against the heretical Monothelites. He refused to recognize Paul II as the patriarch of Constantinople because Paul's predecessor, Pyrrhus I, had not been correctly replaced. He pressed Emperor Constans II to withdraw the Ecthesis of Heraclius. While his efforts made little impression on Constantinople, it increased the opposition to the teaching in the West; Pyrrhus even briefly recanted Monothelitism in 645, but was excommunicated in 648. Paul was excommunicated in 649. In response, Paul destroyed the Roman altar in the palace of Placidia and exiled or imprisoned the papal apocrisiarius. He also sought to end the issue with the emperor by promulgating the Type of Constans, ordering that the Ecthesis be taken down and seeking to end discussion on the doctrine.^[5]

Theodore planned the Lateran Council of 649 to condemn the Ecthesis, but died before he could convene it. His successor, Martin I, did so instead. Theodore was buried in Old St. Peter's Basilica. ^[5] His feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is on 18 May.^[6]

Notes

^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Theodore I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ Anastasius (bibliothecarius) (1602). Bibliothecarii Historia, de vitis romanorvm pontificvm. in typographeio I. Albini. p. 67. Theodorus, natione Grecus, ex patre Theodoro episcopo de civitate Hierusolima
^ Paul F. Bradshaw (2013). New SCM Dictionary of Liturgy and Worship. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. p. 5. ISBN 9780334049326.
^ Chisholm 1911.
^ ^a ^b Mann 1913.
^ Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Ἐπίσκοπος Ρώμης. 18 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. (in Greek)

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mann, Horace Kinder (1913). "Pope Theodore I". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Theodore" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.