On March 25, 1798, it was established as Diocese of Sejny/Augustów, from the Diocese of Wigry. Its territory had formerly belonged to the Diocese of Vilna, but after the first partition of Poland it fell to Prussia. Pope Pius VI carved out the new diocese and established its see at the Camaldolesemonastery of Wigry, in a village about ten miles east of Suwałki. The monastery had been founded under the patronage of King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1418, and the Church of Our Lady, which became the cathedral, became the parish church of Wigry.
The first bishop of the diocese was the preacher Michael Francis Karpowicz (b. 1744; d. 1805). His successor was John Clement Gołaszewski (b. 1748; d. 1820), who enlarged the Wigry cathedral. After the Congress of Vienna this territory passed to the Russian Partition, and in 1818 the Church throughout the Congress Poland was reorganized. By a Bull of Pius VII Warsaw was made the metropolitan see and the see of Wigry was changed to Augustów, a town founded in 1561 by King Sigismund II Augustus. The new cathedral and chapter there were inaugurated on December 8, 1819.
The next bishop, Ignatius Czyzewski, did not remain at Augustów, but changed his place of residence in 1823 to Sejny, a town founded in 1522 by Sigismund I of Poland, and which is about twenty miles east of Suwałki. The succeeding bishop, Nicholas John Manugiewicz, established the diocesan seminary in 1830, and for many years resided sometimes at Augustowo and then at Sejny. His successor was Stanislaus Choromanski, afterwards Archbishop of Warsaw. The next bishop, Straszyński, made the old Dominican church at Sejny his cathedral and entered it as bishop, 4 February 1837. He was in frequent collision with the Russian authorities, and on his death in 1847 the see was kept vacant by the Russian Government until 1863. Constantine Lubieński was then made bishop, and on his death in exile in 1869 at Nizhny Novgorod was succeeded by Bishop Wierzbowski. His successors were Anthony Baranowski, and Anthony Karaś.
On October 28, 1925, the diocese was renamed as the diocese of Łomża, then suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vilnius (until 1991).[1]
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