San Juan, La Union

San Juan
San Juan
Municipality
	Municipality of San Juan
	Beach in San Juan
	Flag Seal
	Nickname: Surfing Capital of the North
	Map of La Union with San Juan highlighted
	OpenStreetMap
	San Juan Location within the Philippines
	Coordinates: 16°40′N 120°20′E / 16.67°N 120.33°E
Country	Philippines
Region	Ilocos Region
Province	La Union
District	1st district
Named for	St. John the Baptist
Barangays	41 (see Barangays)
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Arturo P. Valdriz
• Vice Mayor	Manuel Victor R. Ortega Jr.
• Representative	Pablo C. Ortega
• Municipal Council	Members
• Electorate	27,002 voters (2022)
Area
• Total	57.12 km2 (22.05 sq mi)
Elevation	25 m (82 ft)
Highest elevation	312 m (1,024 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2020 census)
• Total	40,507
• Density	710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
• Households	10,080
Economy
• Income class	2nd municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	7.31% (2021)
• Revenue	₱ 241.1 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 852.5 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 160.1 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 115.1 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	La Union Electric Cooperative (LUELCO)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	2514
PSGC	013316000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)72
Native languages	Ilocano; Tagalog
Website	www.sanjuanlaunion.gov.ph

San Juan, officially the Municipality of San Juan (Ilocano: Ili ti San Juan; Filipino: Bayan ng San Juan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 40,507 people.^[3]

History

Early history

Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, San Juan was an Ilocano settlement called Dalandan, which is the name of the fruit Citrus aurantium Linn. that grew abundantly in the area.

Spanish colonial era

In 1582, San Juan was proclaimed a mission station under the authority of the Augustinian Order, as recorded by the Nueva Segovia Bi-centennial souvenir booklet dated April 25, 1587. By 1586 the town had become the center of the parish and was renamed San Juan by the Augustinian Fathers after the Catholic Patron Saint of San Juan Bautista. The town boasted an Augustinian convent and a population of 6,000. Its first priest was Friar Agustin Niño.

The center of the parish was subsequently transferred to Bauang, with San Juan sometimes being an out-station (visita) of Bauang and sometimes of Bacnotan. In 1707 the Church of St. John the Baptist was constructed at San Juan. In 1772, the mission station was placed under the authority of the Dominican Order. In 1807, San Juan was established as a parish in its own right.

On March 2, 1850, San Juan became part of the province of La Union, when the province was created by Governor-General Antonio Maria Blanco.

In 1898 during the latter days of the Philippine Revolution, the whole of San Juan was razed to the ground by a great fire. With the demise of the church, convent, and rectory, the church registers were destroyed, although subsequent registers from 1898 to 1917 do survive and have been microfilmed. Municipal birth registers were begun in 1922.

American invasion era

After the Spanish–American War, Father Mariano Gaerlan was appointed priest. He was a native of San Juan, the first Filipino priest for the town, and one of the "Nine Clerics" of Nueva Segovia who fought in the revolution. He also began the reconstruction of the church in 1902, which was completed under his successor, Father Eustaquio Ocampo.

Another local resident, also named Mariano Gaerlan, wrote Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales (i.e., Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful Revenge) under the pen-name of Batallador. The book was in the local Ilokano language and published in 1909. He was originally from Candon, Ilocos Sur where he also maintained a residence and an aspiring politician who was never elected to public office. He had several children including Nieves Gaerlan who married Antonio "Matias" Aquino, a then Mayor of San Juan, and "Captain" Candonino Gaerlan, a guerrilla leader, and Filipino war hero.

Japanese occupation era

From 1941 to 1945 San Juan was occupied by the invading Japanese forces during World War II.

On January 19, 1942, Gaerlan co-led the first guerrilla ambush against Japanese forces in the Philippines, which was prosecuted on the southern outskirts of Candon. He was subsequently appointed commander of the Third Battalion of the 121st Infantry Regiment of the United States Armed Forces in the Philippines – Northern Luzon (USAFIP-NL). This regiment is often referred to as the La Union Infantry Regiment and was commanded by "Captain" George M. Barnett. Gaerlan was killed and subsequently beheaded later that same year at San Juan after he was betrayed by the local chief of police while visiting his sister. His head was stuffed into a jar of alcohol and displayed in the plazas of the towns en route to Candon. There the town mayor convinced the Japanese that this was in poor taste, and the container was thrown into a rice paddy west of the town.^[5]

As the war progressed, crops and local services were destroyed. Food was in short supply.

San Juan was liberated in 1945 by the soldiers of the 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL and guerrillas of the La Union Infantry Regiment during the Battle of San Fernando under Major Russell W. Volckmann on their way to meet the liberating forces of General Douglas MacArthur on the beaches of Lingayen Gulf.

Philippine independence

After the war, inflation led to the financial crisis of 1950 which was followed by the introduction of import controls. Subsequent government-sponsored irrigation systems and farm technicians led to a slow but assured recovery with increased productivity and profitability.

Geography

San Juan is located in the west of the province of La Union, along the Manila North Road, between latitudes 16°39'N and 16°43'N and longitudes 120°9'E and 120°15'E.

San Juan is bounded on the north by the municipality of Bacnotan along the Baroro River, and on the east by the municipalities of San Gabriel and Bagulin along the Dasay-Duplas-Nagyubuyuban Creek. On the south it is bounded by the City of San Fernando and on the west by the South China Sea.

San Juan is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of San Fernando City, the provincial capital and regional center. It is also 277 kilometres (172 mi) north of Manila.

The total land area of San Juan is 5,712 hectares (14,110 acres), ^[6] which is 4% of the province of La Union. Some 505.08 hectares or 8.46% is claimed by the municipality of Bacnotan and San Fernando City.

Barangays

San Juan is politically subdivided into 41 barangays. ^[6] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Allangigan
Aludaid
Bacsayan
Balballosa
Bambanay
Bugbugcao
Caarusipan
Cabaroan
Cabugnayan
Cacapian
Caculangan
Calincamasan
Casilagan
Catdongan
Dangdangla
Dasay
Dinanum
Duplas
Guinguinabang
Ili Norte (Poblacion)
Ili Sur (Poblacion)
Legleg
Lubing
Nadsaag
Nagsabaran
Naguirangan
Naguituban
Nagyubuyuban
Oaquing
Pacpacac
Pagdildilan
Panicsican
Quidem
San Felipe
Santa Rosa
Santo Rosario
Saracat
Sinapangan
Taboc
Talogtog
Urbiztondo

Climate

The climate in San Juan is "dry" from November to April and "wet" from May to October. The south-west monsoon brings abundant rainfall during the wet season, whereas the north-east monsoon passing over the Cordillera Mountains to the east brings the drier conditions. The average annual temperature is 27.2 °C (81.0 °F).

Climate data for San Juan, La Union
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31 (88)	31 (88)	33 (91)	33 (91)	32 (90)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	30 (86)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	25 (77)	26 (79)	26 (79)	26 (79)	26 (79)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	24 (75)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	42 (1.7)	48 (1.9)	74 (2.9)	110 (4.3)	269 (10.6)	275 (10.8)	362 (14.3)	325 (12.8)	330 (13.0)	306 (12.0)	126 (5.0)	61 (2.4)	2,328 (91.7)
Average rainy days	11.2	12.0	17.1	21.2	27.1	26.8	28.1	27.0	26.0	24.5	17.7	12.4	251.1
Source: Meteoblue^[7]

Demographics

Population census of San Juan
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	11,223	—
1918	11,912	+0.40%
1939	10,941	−0.40%
1948	12,521	+1.51%
1960	14,516	+1.24%
1970	17,700	+2.00%
1975	18,339	+0.71%
1980	20,362	+2.11%
1990	25,046	+2.09%
1995	27,795	+1.97%
2000	30,393	+1.93%
2007	32,952	+1.12%
2010	35,098	+2.32%
2015	37,188	+1.11%
2020	40,507	+1.70%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

In the 2020 census, the population of San Juan, La Union, was 40,507 people,^[3] with a density of 710 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,800 inhabitants per square mile.

According to a local 1896 census, the population of San Juan was 10,510. At that time, there were twenty-eight barrios inhabited by 9,989 residents, and four rancherias inhabited by 521 "infieles" or non-Christians (Igorots). These barrios were Ili, Barraca, Panicsican, Talogtog, Sabangan, Taboc, Lubing, Sinapangan, Cacapian, Caculangan, Santa Rosa, Caaniyan, Oaquing, Catdongan, Caarusipan, Guinguinabang, Bugbugcao, Pacpacac, Legleg, Nadsaag, Capacuan, Bacnotan, Dasay, Al-langigan, Bombuneg, Balballosa, Duplas and San Felipe. The rancherias were Rancho de Locutan, Indang, Amontoc and Losoya. Yli, also known as Poblacion, had a population of 1,134 residents described as 2 "Españoles peninsulares", 2 "Mestizos de español", 1,122 "naturales" and 8 "Chinos".^[12]

In the early 1900s cholera was a scourge that took the lives of many people.^[13]

As of the census of 2000, San Juan was home to 30,393 indigenous Ilocano people, concentrated in six barangays along the national highway. This is equivalent to 33.86% of the total population and is growing at the rate of 1.8% per annum. The average population density was 2,964 persons per square kilometer. In the two urban barangays where some 15% of the population reside, the population density rose to 3,073 persons per square kilometer, while in the remaining rural barangays the population density was 2,886 persons per square kilometer.

Economy

Poverty incidence of San Juan

5

10

15

20

25

30

2006
25.60

2009
22.68

2012
7.14

2015
5.51

2018
1.82

2021
7.31

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]

Tourism

San Juan is considered to be the Surfing Capital of the Northern Philippines and is known for its consistent intermediate quality surf and two surfing seasons from July to October and November to March.

There is also a local museum, Museo de San Juan.

Cottage Industries

Pottery, blanket-weaving, basketry, bamboo-craft, and broom-making are produced as a folk-industry. Hollow concrete blocks are manufactured in rural villages for local building projects.

Agriculture

Yellow corn is one of the most important crops in San Juan, and is used as a raw material for food and industrial products such as starch, corn oil, beverages, gluten, snacks etc. It constitutes about 50% of the feed for local livestock and poultry enterprises. It was nominated as the product for the One Town One Product (OTOP) Philippines program of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to promote entrepreneurship and create jobs.

Government

Local government

San Juan, belonging to the first congressional district of the province of La Union, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council
(2019–2022)^[22]
Position	Name
Congressman	Pablo C. Ortega
Mayor	Arturo P. Valdriz
Vice-Mayor	Manuel Victor R. Ortega Jr.
Councilors	Mariquita P. Ortega
	Reginald M. Nang
	Aldreick G. Carillo
	Ernesto Morales Bolong Jr.
	Norma B. Lim
	Joseph Nicholas V. Velilla
	Earl F. Garcia
	Romero O. Lim

Gallery

Municipal Hall
People's Park
Saint John the Baptist Church
Museo de San Juan
Beach in San Juan

References

^ Municipality of San Juan | (DILG)
^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Census of Population (2020). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
^ "Philippine Resistance in Candon, 1942" by Donald Chaput, Philippine Studies vol. 47, no. 1 (1999): 100–113.
^ ^a ^b "Province: La Union". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
^ "San Juan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
^ Census of Population (2015). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region I (Ilocos Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
^ "Province of La Union". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ Estado del numero de habitantes existenses de este pueblo durante el expresion lo año con expresion de razas, año de 1896. This was an 1896 census conducted under the administration of Capitan Municipal Ygnacio Abad.
^ San Juan Registros Paroquiales, Defunciones (1898-1908).
^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
^ "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 6, 2022.