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Sarcodum

Sarcodum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Wisterieae
Genus: Sarcodum
Lour.[1]
Type species
Sarcodum scandens
Lour.[2]
Species

See text.

Sarcodum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae.[2] Its three species are twining vines growing over shrubs, and are native from southeast mainland China to the Solomon Islands.[1]

Description

Sarcodum species are twining vines that scramble over shrubs, growing up to 5–10 m (16–33 ft) high. The mature stems are reddish brown. The leaves have 8–44 leaflets arranged in pairs, plus a terminal leaflet. Individual leaflets may be up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long by 2.5 cm (1.0 in) wide. The inflorescences are composed of erect leafy axillary and terminal racemes 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long. Each flower is 6–19 mm (0.2–0.7 in) long, and has the typical shape of a member of the family Fabaceae. The pink or pinkish lilac standard petal is 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long by 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with a broad, dark yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are 8–13 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long by 3 mm (0.1 in) across, either much or slightly shorter than the keel petals, and with short basal claws. The keel petals are 13 mm (0.5 in) long by 4 mm (0.2 in) wide. Nine of the stamens are fused together, the tenth is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The seed pods are up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, initially green, then black and hard when ripe, splitting to release the 4–10 seeds.[2]

Taxonomy

See also: Wisterieae § Taxonomy

The genus Sarcodum was established by João de Loureiro in 1790.[3] The genus name is derived from the Greek σαρκώδης (sarkōdēs) 'fleshy', referring to the seed pod.[4] A 2019 molecular phylogenetic confirmed the monophyly of the genus, placing it in the tribe Wisterieae. Sarcodum is most closely related to Endosamara and Sigmoidala but has smaller leaflets – mostly less than 2.5 cm (1 in) wide as opposed to mostly 2.5–7 cm (1.0–2.8 in) wide in the other two genera. Its inflorescences are leafy racemes rather than larger erect panicles.[2]

Species

As of January 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted three genera:[1]

Distribution and habitat

The three species of Sarcodum are native to southeast mainland China and Hainan, Vietnam and Laos, and south to Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Solomon Islands.[1] The species grow in low thickets from sea level to 300 m (1,000 ft).[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Sarcodum Lour." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  2. ^ a b c d e Compton, James A.; Schrire, Brian D.; Könyves, Kálmán; Forest, Félix; Malakasi, Panagiota; Sawai Mattapha & Sirichamorn, Yotsawate (2019). "The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences". PhytoKeys (125): 1–112. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.125.34877. PMC 6610001. PMID 31303810.
  3. ^ "Sarcodum Lour". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  4. ^ de Loureiro, Joannis (1790). "Genus XXXV Sarcodum". Flora cochinchinensis (in Latin). Vol. 2. pp. 461–462. Retrieved 2023-01-11.

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