September 13, 1922: Turkish Army burns down the city of Smyrna, recently recaptured from Greece, and massacres non-Turkish residents
The following events occurred in September 1922:
September 1, 1922 (Friday)
The Reichsbank in Germany was closed by police following a bank run by employers looking to meet overdue payrolls.[1]
The Constitution of Mandatory Palestine was put into effect by publication, providing for the British Mandate in what is now Israel and Jordan, to be governed by a British High Commissioner and an elected Legislative Council and to have a civil and religious court system.[2]
An agreement to end the nationwide anthracite coal mining strike in the United States was reached between the United Mine Workers of America and the Policy Committee of the Anthracite Coal Operators, by extending the terms of the contract between labor and management to at least August 31, 1923. The compromise came after the intervention of U.S. President Harding, who had appealed to both sides "in the name of public welfare" to accept the proposal to end the strike in time for the onset of winter, as made by the two U.S. Senators for Pennsylvania, David A. Reed and George W. Pepper, both of whom had been in office for less than a year.[3]
German President Friedrich Ebert declared the "Deutschlandlied" to be the national anthem of Germany.[4] The lyrics were limited to the song's third stanza ("Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit, Für das deutsche Vaterland!"). The song would be used in Nazi Germany (with the words of the more militant first stanza, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt,") until the fall of the Third Reich in 1945. The "Deutschlandlied" would be made the anthem of West Germany on May 2, 1952 and continued after the reunification of Germany in 1989.
September 3, 1922 (Sunday)
The Austrian government issued a decree forbidding, except in the city of Vienna, the sale of alcohol in restaurants after 10 p.m., and in bars after midnight. Newspapers called it a first step towards prohibition.[5]
Died: Agathe Whitehead von Trapp, 31, Austrian heiress and mother of the seven children who would become the Trapp Family singers who were the subject of the musical The Sound of Music, died of scarlet fever. In 1927, Agathe's widowed husband, former submarine commander Georg von Trapp, would remarry, taking the children's teacher, Maria Kutschera (portrayed in film by Julie Andrews) as his wife.
John Hessin Clarke, an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, announced his resignation, to take effect on September 18, his 65th birthday.[8] Clarke had only been on the Court for six years, and friends said that he would work toward bringing the United States into the League of Nations.[9]
James Young, 40, Scottish footballer, was killed in a motorcycle accident
September 5, 1922 (Tuesday)
A mine explosion at Haig Colliery in Whitehaven, England killed 39 miners.[10]
In a telegram to prime minister Rauf Orbay, Turkey's President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk asserted the Turkish claim to East Thrace (Trakya) as part of its conditions of the settlement of the war with Greece, to take back territory that had been ceded to Greece in 1920.[11] The areas that came back under Turkish control under the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne would include Edirne (Adrianople) and İzmir (Smyrna).
A new law went into effect in Poland as part of an effort to stop the spread of venereal diseases, amending the Basic Sanitation Law to regulate houses of prostitution.[12]
Brazil celebrated its 100th birthday with a twenty-one gun salute at midnight and parading in the streets of Rio de Janeiro throughout the day.[14]
Man Singh II, the 10-year-old adopted son of Madho Singh II, became the Maharaja of Jaipur upon Madho II's death. He would retain the honorary title after India's independence in 1947 and would receive a pension until his death in 1970.
Mary Katherine Campbell of Columbus, Ohio won the second annual Miss America pageant, competing as one of 58 "intercity" contestants in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and in the process, "triumphing over more than 500 amateur and professional rivals."[16] Under the rules of the competition, the winners of the three classes of competitors (intercity, amateur and professional beauties) went up against the reigning Miss America, Margaret Gorman, and the judges picked the winner from the four finalists. Campbell, who had won the intercity competition as "Miss Columbus", was selected as the winner of $5,000 and the Golden Mermaid Trophy.
At least 30 people, all women and children who were passengers on the German steamship Hammonia, died when the two lifeboats that they were in overturned, after they safely evacuated the ship as it foundered off the coast of Spain. The passenger list went down with the ship, but the ship captain believed that there were 365 passengers and 192 crew for a total of 537 people on board. Another steamship, Kinfauns Castle, rescued 383 survivors and its captain said that he witnessed 80 people drowning, while other observers put the number of dead as high as 150.[23][24]
The Gormanston Camp for captured Irish Republicans was opened at the site of a former Royal Irish Constabulary base, and housed over 1,000 prisoners at its height, finally closing at the end of 1923.[25]
Died: Annie Royle Taylor, 66, English explorer and evangelist who, in 1892, was the first Western woman to visit Tibet
September 10, 1922 (Sunday)
A scene from One Terrible Day
Film producer Hal Roach introduced the first of 220 short films in the Our Gang series, as the Pathé company released the silent 20-minute feature "One Terrible Day", directed by Robert F. McGowan and Tom McNamara. The series of movies about the adventures of a gang of children, was shown before feature films and continued until 1944, and then was syndicated on television from 1955 onward as The Little Rascals.
The New York World published an interview by Clare Sheridan with English writer Rudyard Kipling in which he was quoted as saying that America had come into the war "two years, seven months and four days too late" and had "quit the day of the Armistice, without waiting to see the thing through." Kipling believed he had made the remarks in the context of a private conversation and so in the media uproar that ensued he publicly denied ever giving Sheridan an interview at all.[26][27]
The British Mandate of Palestine began as the oath of office for the High Commissioner of Palestine was administered to Sir Herbert Samuel, as well as to the Commander in Chief of British forces there. The ceremony took place in Jerusalem in the presence of Lord Allenby, the British Army Field marshal who liberated Palestine from the Ottoman Empire, and by the Emir Abdullah of Jordan.[29]
Turkish troops who had taken over the Smyrna Province from Greece carried out a massacre of Armenian residents under the direction of the new Turkish Governor, Nureddin Pasha, according to a statement made afterwards by a British eyewitness who had been able to flee the area. Businessman Roy Treloar said that Nureddin "commenced a systematic hunting down of Armenians, who were gathered in batches of 100, taken to Konak and murdered."[31]
The former Prime Minister of Greece, Eleftherios Venizelos, announced from Paris that he would form a government only if King Constantine abdicated and if Prime Minister Nikolaos Triantaphyllakos and his government resigned.[32] Although the "September 11 Revolution" in Greece is sometimes mistakenly listed as having happened on this day, Greece at the time was still operating under the Julian calendar, and the revolution took place on 24th September according to the Gregorian calendar recognized by the rest of the world.
Hoping to prevent a split within the Communist Party leadership in the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin proposed that Leon Trotsky, alongside Lev Kamenev, would become Lenin's deputy on Sovnarkom, the Council of People's Commissars. Trotsky declined to accept the invitation.[33]
One of the predecessors of Melbourne, Australia’s Herald Sun newspaper, The Sun News-Pictorial, was launched by Hugh Dennison as "a morning tabloid with a light touch and heavy with photographs." publication. It would merge with The Herald, effective October 8, 1990.[34]
The Treaty of Kars was ratified in Yerevan, setting the boundary between Turkey and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, which would continue as the Turkish-Soviet boundary afterward.[35]
September 12, 1922 (Tuesday)
The House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States voted to alter the Book of Common Prayer language for wedding vows to no longer require the bride to agree to "obey" her husband. The decision to revise the Common Prayer treatise was approved at the meeting in Portland, Oregon by a vote of 36 to 27.[36]
Pola Negri (stage name for Apolonia Chalupec), signed by Paramount Pictures after having been a star for Germany's UFA studios, arrived in the United States on the liner Majestic as the first film actress from continental Europe to be promoted in the U.S.[38]
Ascension Island unified politically with the island of Saint Helena, 800 miles (1,300 km) away, as a single British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean.[39]
A fire killed more than 10,000 people in the port city of Smyrna (now İzmir), which had been recaptured from Greece four days earlier by Turkish troops to end the Greco-Turkish War.[40] According to contemporary accounts from witnesses evacuated from the area, Turkish troops set multiple fires to the Basmane neighborhood in the Armenian quarter of the city, and the fire was spread by windy weather.[41]
The highest weather temperature ever recorded on Earth, 58.0 °C (136.4 °F), was measured at El Azizia in Libya near Tripoli, breaking the record of 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) that had been recorded in Death Valley in the United States on July 10, 1913. The record would stand until 2012, when the World Meteorological Organization reviewed the data and concluded that the 58-degree centigrade reading had been taken by an inexperienced observer who had recorded a temperature seven degrees hotter than nearby areas.[42]
The nationwide railroad strike in the U.S. began to wind down as about one-third of the country's railways reached an agreement with the shopmen.[43] The agreement meant the restoration of service for at least 30 of the 202 Class 1 railroad lines including the New York Central; the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; the Baltimore & Ohio; the Seaboard Line and the Norfolk & Western.[44]
France and Poland signed a ten-year military convention pledging to defend each other in the event of an attack.[45]
The "Straw Hat Riot" broke out in New York City after a gang of youths in Manhattan assaulted dockworkers who were still wearing straw hats after Labor Day. The tradition in the U.S. at the time had not only been to switch from straw hats to felt hats in the autumn, but to knock the hats off of the heads of people who failed to make the switch. Publicity about the incident led to copycat attacks by other gangs over the next several days.[46]
Born:Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American singer, actress, and model, as Zoila Emperatriz Chávarri Castillo in Callao (d. 2008)[47]
September 14, 1922 (Thursday)
The Argentine Polo Association (Asociación Argentina de Polo or AAP), the governing body for one of the most popular sports in Argentina, was founded in Buenos Aires, with the goal of creating a national team for international competitions.[48]
Johnny Buff (ring name for John Lisky), holder of the American flyweight boxing championship in a weight class with no world title, lost the U.S. title to Filipino challenger Pancho Villa (Francisco Villaruel) at Ebbets Field in New York City."Johnny Buff Loses Flyweight Title to Pancho Villa", by Marshall Hunt, Daily News (New York), September 16, 1922, p. 25
The Chanak Crisis began as the British government threatened Turkey with war as Turkish forces approached the neutral zone at Çanakkale.[21] Britain also appealed to the British Dominions to lend their assistance.[45]
The Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and two associates upheld the suspension of habeas corpus in the country due to the state of war and denied an application to free 5,000 prisoners held by the military.[50]
On the same day, J. William Billes and Alfred J. Billes invested their combined savings to purchase Hamilton Tire and Garage Ltd. for the purpose of selling tires at a discount by buying at low cost during the winter and marking up the prices to sell at a profit in the summer.[51] The company would be rebranded as Canadian Tire Corporation Ltd. in 1927.
The Council on Foreign Relations, based in the U.S., began publication of its bimonthly magazine, Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review, with Volume 1, Number 1 dated September 15, 1922. The first article, after Archibald Cary Coolidge's editorial statement, was "A Requisite for the Success of Popular Diplomacy", by former U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root.[52]
German Chancellor Joseph Wirth declared "Bread first, reparations second."[53]
The Turkish Orthodox Church, a denomination for the minority Christian population in the predominantly Muslim nation of Turkey, was founded in Kayseri in Anatolia as nationalist denomination that conducted services in the Turkish language and provided for the continuation of the Christian faith.[54] Pavlos Karahisarithis, a Turkish bishop, became the first patriarch of the denomination, which was not recognized within the worldwide Orthodox Christian organization, and took the regnal name of Papa Eftim I.
Vasil Laçi, Albanian independence activist who attempted to kill King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy during the Italian occupation of Albania; in Piqeras (executed, 1941)
Died: Mary Ann Booth, 79, American scientist and specialist in microscopic photography of microorganisms
September 16, 1922 (Saturday)
British troops with heavy artillery landed in Turkey to prevent the Turks from taking control of the Dardanelles or Bosporous Straits, which connected the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea and then to the Mediterranean Sea.[55]
The League of Nations approved the Trans-Jordan memorandum setting the boundaries of the Kingdom of Jordan, with the Jordan River setting the border between the Palestine mandate (and future nation of Israel) and "Trans-Jordan", literally the land on the other side of the Jordan River, an exempting Trans-Jordan from the Zionist declaration applied to the rest of Palestine.[56]
Lev Kamenev was named as the "acting president of the cabinet of ministers", equivalent to a Prime Minister of Soviet Russia by decree of the head of state, Mikhail Kalinin, the chairman of the executive committee. Kamenev acted in place of the ailing Vladimir Lenin, the Communist Party First Secretary who had also served in the government as the premier.[57]
Henry Ford shut down his production plants indefinitely, leaving 100,000 workers idle, because he did not want to pay profiteers in the coal and steel industry.[58][59]
The Hall–Mills murder case began when Episcopal priest Edward Hall, and Eleanor Mills, a member of choir with whom he was having an affair, were found murdered outside of Brunswick, New Jersey, two days after they went missing.[60] The case led to one of the most sensational trials of the 1920s.[61]
The Scholastic Corporation, founded in the U.S. by journalist Maurice R. Robinson in 1920, published its first issue of the nationally-distributed periodical for high school students, Scholastic Magazine, and would go on to expand its media offerings to books, book clubs, recordings, television shows and films.[62]
Thomas J. Gary, U.S. Navy seaman who rescued four wounded men during the attack on Pearl Harbor before being killed in the attack; in Texas City, Texas (d. 1941)
Three organizations in Puerto Rico, all committed to independence of the territory from the United States, merged to form the Partido Nacionalista de Puerto Rico (Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico or PNPR).[64] The leaders of the Independence Association, the Nationalist Association of Puerto Rico and the Nationalist Youth banded together as a unified organization under the administration of Independence Association president José Coll y Cuchí.
The Kansas City Speedway held its inaugural race, won by Tommy Milton. The race was marred by tragedy when driver Roscoe Sarles (who had finished second in the 1921 Indianapolis 500) was killed in a fiery crash .[65][66]
Greek Prime Minister Anastasios Charalambis resigned one day after taking office as King Constantine was forced to abdicate. Sotirios Krokidas was appointed as the new premier by the military government.
Born:
Marianne Cohn, German-born French Resistance fighter known for helping Jewish children escape France during the Nazi occupation and for her poem "Je trahirai demain" ("Tomorrow, I will betray"); in Mannheim (beaten to death, 1944)
Agnès de La Barre de Nanteuil, French Resistance fighter known for helping Allied airmen escape from behind enemy lines; in Neuilly-sur-Seine (died during deportation to Germany, 1944)
The Turkish Army completed the "Great Offensive" (Büyük Taarruz), the three-week final push to rid Asia Minor of Greek occupational forces, winning the last battles of the Greco-Turkish War with the capture of Artake (Erdek) and Pegaea (Biga).
The Canadian government, led by William Lyon Mackenzie King, informed Britain that authority from Parliament would be required before a Canadian force would be sent to defend the Dardanelles.[67]
The 47 miners trapped in the Argonaut Mine in Jackson, California on August 27 were found dead, twenty-two days after the August 27 accident.[68] The recovery team from the U.S. Bureau of Mines found that the miners had built a wall and stuffed it with their clothing in an attempt to make an airtight block of carbon monoxide 4,350 feet (1,330 m) below the surface , "Find 47 Men Dead in Argonaut Mine; Trapped 22 Days", The New York Times, September 19, 1922, p. 1
The engagement of the Germany's deposed former Kaiser, Wilhelm II, to Hermine Reuss of Greiz was announced. The news was neither popular among his sons nor within monarchist circles, who found it distasteful that he remarry only a year after the death of his first wife.[69][70]
The New York Yankees defeated the St. Louis Browns, 3 to 2, to win a three-game series at St. Louis that ultimately decided the pennant winner of the American League.[71] Going into the game, the Yankees had a record of 87-56 and the Browns 87-57.[72] At season's end, the Yankees were 94-60 and the Browns 93-61.[73] St. Louis first baseman George Sisler went hitless, ending his then-AL record streak at 41 games.
September 19, 1922 (Tuesday)
Several hundred of Greek residents of Cunda Island were massacred as the Turkish Army invaded and reclaimed the area. Surviving children were spared and sent to orphanages.[74]
U.S. President Warren G. Harding vetoed a version of the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, popularly referred to as the "Bonus Bill", and sent it back to Congress, with an explanation that "it establishes the very dangerous precedent of creating a treasury covenant to pay which puts a burden ... upon the American people, not to discharge an obligation, which the government always must pay, but to bestow a bonus which the soldiers themselves, while serving in the World War, did not expect."[75]
The Fordney–McCumber Tariff Act was passed in the United States, creating the highest tariff rates in American history.[76]
Born: Harvey D. Strassman, American psychiatrist and Korean War veteran known for documenting posttraumatic stress disorder after interviews with former POWs, published in his 1956 article " "A Prisoner of War Syndrome: Apathy as a Reaction to Severe Stress" in American Journal of Psychiatry; in Chicago (d. 2011)
September 20, 1922 (Wednesday)
The United States Senate fell 4 votes shy of the two-thirds majority required to override President Harding's veto of the Soldier's Bonus Bill.,[77] despite Harding's own prediction that the bill would be passed anyway. The House of Representatives had voted overwhelmingly, 258 to 54, to override the veto. In the Senate, with only 72 senators present and 48 votes necessary for the two-thirds requirement, the vote to override was 44 to 28.[78]
A press conference was held in New York to announce the formation of a new company, with a one million dollar initial investment, to market and develop "a process of coloring motion pictures in their natural tints", invented by chemical engineer Daniel Frost Comstock of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The company, called Techni Color, Inc., would become the dominant supplier for color film during most of the 20th century. Reporters were invited to a private showing of a demonstration film to take place the next day, and a public display was promised for October.[79]
Born: Leslie Buck, Slovak-born American businessman who invented the popular Anthoracoffee cup popular in Greek restaurants; as Laszlo Büch in Chust, Czechoslovakia (now Khust in Ukraine) (d. 2010)
A total eclipse of the Sun took place over the Indian Ocean and much of Australia, and was used to test Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity.[81][82]
French aviator Joseph Sadi-Lecointe became the first person to travel faster than 200 miles per hour (320 km/h), averaging that speed while flying a 100 kilometres (62 mi) course.[83][84]
The Ford plants re-opened after five days of idleness.[85]
Cleveland Indians manager Tris Speaker conducted an unusual experiment by inserting 21 players, many of them minor leaguers, into a game against the visiting Boston Red Sox. Among the players he brought in was pitcher Elmer "Doc" Hamann, who faced seven batters, none of whom were called out, giving Hamann the unusual distinction of an Earned Run Average (ERA) of infinity for his career. The Indians lost, 15 to 5.[86]
Born:
Lee Hee-ho, the First Lady of South Korea (as wife of South Korean President Kim Dae-jung) from 1998 to 2003; in Jongno, Keijō, Chōsen (now Seoul) (d. 2019)
Charles C. Rumsey, 43, American polo player and sculptor, was killed in an automobile accident after being thrown from the car in which he was a passenger.[87]
September 22, 1922 (Friday)
In a bout for boxing's world light heavyweight championship, held in Paris between title holder Georges Carpentier of France and Louis Mbarick Fall (who fought under the name "Battling Siki") of Senegal, Siki was supposed to lose on purpose in return for not being injured by Carpentier. When Carpentier knocked Siki down in the fifth round, Siki knocked Carpentier out in the sixth round and (after a disqualiication by the referee that was reversed by the ringside judges), Siki became the new world champion.
Turkish nationalists seized Ezine, Çanakkale in the Allied neutral zone of Turkey.[88]
The Cable Act (named for its sponsor, Congressman John L. Cable) was signed into law in the United States, allowing an American woman who married a non-U.S. citizen to keep her citizenship if her husband was eligible to become a citizen.[89]
The existence of Dorothy Ruth, one-year-old daughter of Babe Ruth, became public knowledge for the first time following weeks of sightings of Babe and wife Helen with the child around the New York hotel where they lived. Helen claimed that it had been kept a secret from the public because the baby had been ill since birth, but the truth was that the child was the product of one of Babe's extramarital affairs.[90][91]
The U.S. Army airship C-2 completed the first transcontinental airship flight across the United States, arriving at Ross Field in Arcadia, California after having set off from Langley Field in Virginia on September 14.[92]
After three days of discussion in Paris the representatives of France, Great Britain and Italy sent Turkey a proposal to hold a conference for a peaceful settlement of the Chanak Crisis.[93]
The Royal Navy destroyer HMS Speedy collided with a tugboat while on maneuvers in the Sea of Marmara within Turkey, and sank within seven minutes, drowning 10 of its crew. The other 87 crewmen were rescued.[94]
Turkey made a counteroffer to the Allied conference offer for peace in the Greco-Turkish War, saying it would not consent to the demilitarization of the Sea of Marmara and Thrace.[95]
The little-known Senegalese fighter Battling Siki stunned the boxing world and won the Light Heavyweight Title by knocking out Georges Carpentier in the 6th round before almost 60,000 people in Paris.[96][97]
The memoirs of the former German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II, were printed in 30 installments in The New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, and other newspapers they had contracts with. The author was listed as "William Hohenzollern, Former German Emperor William II" after purchasing the rights on September 15. The first installment began with the ex-Kaiser's memories of the year 1878, and his rebuttal to certain accusations made against him ("it is stupid to accuse me of not having recognized the greatness of Prince Bismarck (the longtime German Chancellor). The opposite is the truth. I revered and idolized him. Nor could it be otherwise.")[98]
Born:
Hans Waldmann, German Luftwaffe fighter ace who shot down 85 enemy aircraft during World War II before being killed in an accidental collision with another plane in his squadron; in Braunschweig (d. 1945)
Hammer DeRoburt, politician in the Australian Trust Territory of Nauru and the first President of Nauru from 1968 to 1976; (d. 1992)
Vadim Kirpichenko, Soviet intelligence agent and KGB official; in Kursk, Russian SFSR (d. 2005)
Died:Carlo Caneva, 77, Italian Army General known for leading the conquest of Libya in a war against the Ottoman Empire[102]
September 26, 1922 (Tuesday)
The U.S. Bureau of Prohibition implemented a change in policy in order to limit enforcement of prohibition laws to no further than three miles of the American coastline, except in cases where vessels outside the limit were in communication with shore.[103]
U.S. Senator Thomas E. Watson, 66, American and newspaper editor and member of the Senate for the U.S. state of Georgia since 1921[104]
U.S. Representative Charles R. Connell, 58, Congressman for Pennsylvania since 1921, died of pleurisy.[105]
General Ernst von Hoeppner, 62, German Prussian cavalry officer who served as the commander of the Germany Army's Air Force, the Luftstreitkräfte, during World War I.
Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, former Lord Chamberlain of the United Kingdom and one of the largest landholders in Britain, possessing 27,000 acres or more than 42 square miles or 109 square kilometers of land.[106]
King Constantine of Greece abdicated the throne in the wake of Greece's defeat in the Greco-Turkish War. He stepped down in favor of his son, George II and the Greek cabinet resigned.[107][108] Constantine had previously abdicated in 1917 in favor of another son, Alexander, then returned to the throne in 1920 upon Alexander's death.
Ireland's parliament, the Dáil, voted to approve the "Special Powers Act", authorizing the Irish National Army to establish trials and to impose death sentences for activity in opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty.[109][110]
The first 3D film, The Power of Love, premiered at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.[111] The silent film, made with a stereoscopic camera with the Anaglyph 3D system (one red lens and one green lens filming from different angles), was rendered in three dimensions with the use of spectacles with two different lenses. The finale consisted of two different endings showing at the same time, with the viewer given the option of closing one eye in order to see a happy ending or a tragic ending.
Born: Mikhail Shuydin, Soviet Russian comedian and circus entertainer; in Kazachya, RSFSR (d. 1983)
A bolt of lightning struck an arsenal of explosives and the blast killed 144 people at the Falconara Fort, located in Italy near La Spezia.[112][113] According to the initial account from the Associated Press, the blast "destroyed everything within a radius of ten miles" after 1,500 tons of explosives went off despite being stored in deep tunnels.
Raisuli, leader of Moroccan rebels, surrendered to Spanish authorities after decades of living outside their reach.[114]
Reisenweber's Cafe, one of the largest and most popular restaurants and nightclubs in New York City, was closed permanently after being found to have violated the Prohibition Volstead Act for continuing to serve liquor to its patrons.[115]
Joe Silver, American stage, film, radio and TV actor known for his deep voice; in Chicago (d. 1989)
Died: William J. Seymour, 52, African-American Pentecostal preacher and evangelist, from a heart attack
September 29, 1922 (Friday)
The De la Huerta–Lamont Treaty, signed on June 16 between Mexico and the United States, went into effect after ratification by the Congress of Mexico and the U.S. Senate.
Turkish nationalist leader Mustafa Kemal agreed to meet the Allies for a conference.[116]
Died:Robert Pearce, 82, British politician who introduced the Daylight Saving Bill in 1908 to place Britain on daylight saving time
September 30, 1922 (Saturday)
In the wake of the capture by the Turkish Army recaptured the city of Kydoniae (renamed Ayvalık) from Greece, Greek Orthodox priests in the city waited for evacuation by ship on the recommendation of their superior, the Metropolitan Bishop Gregory Orologas.[119] The group was arrested at the harbor by order of the Turkish occupational force, and the assembled priests were executed three days later.
^"Turk Atrocities Told by British", The New York Times, September 21, 1922, p. 3
^"Venizelos and Aides Awaiting Athens Call", Philadelphia Inquirer, September 12, 1922, p. 1
^Lara Douds, Inside Lenin's Government: Ideology, Power and Practice in the Early Soviet State (Bloomsbury, 2018) p. 165
^Tom Roberts, The Making of Murdoch: Power, Politics and What Shaped the Man Who Owns the Media (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020) p. 115
^The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, ed. by Bardo Fassbender, et al. (Oxford University Press, 2012) p. 783
^"Brides No Longer Need Say 'Obey— Episcopal House of Bishops Votes to Eliminate It From Marriage Ceremony" , The New York Times, September 13, 1922, p. 1
^ "Pola Negri Vamps Gotham Reporters", Los Angeles Record, September 12, 1922, p. 1
^Charles Cawley, Colonies in Conflict: The History of the British Overseas Territories (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015) p. 303
^"Smyrna in Ruins, Probably 2,000 Dead; City a Mass of Wreckage", The New York Times, September 16, 1922, p. 1
^"Miss Mills Blames Turks for the Fire— Dean of Institute at Smyrna Says Regular Troops and Officers Conducted Massacre", The New York Times, September 27, 1922, p. 2
^Horace A. Laffaye, Polo in Argentina: A History (McFarland, 2014)
^Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 28. ISBN978-0-7864-6062-5.
^"British Land Large Forces Along Dardanelles; They Begin Entrenching With Heavy Artillery", The New York Times, September 17, 1922, p. 1
^"League of Nations Mandated Territory", ed. by Kenneth J. Panton (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) p. 284
^"Kamenev Now Head of Soviet Cabinet", New York Times, September 18, 1922, p. 1
^"Ford to Close Plants Today; 100,000 Idle". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 16, 1922. p. 1.
^"70,000 Ford Men Will Be Out Today", The New York Times, September 16, 1922, p. 1
^"Rector and Woman Choir Singer Found Murdered in Field", The New York Times, October 1, 1922, p. 1
^Katz, Hélèna (2010). Cold Cases: Famous Unsolved Mysteries, Crimes, and Disappearances in America. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 76–77. ISBN978-0-313-37692-4.
^"Bad News for Kids: Where Schools Get Their News for Kids", by Carl Bybee, in What You Don't Know About Schools, ed. by Shirley R. Steinberg and Joe L. Kincheloe (Springer, 2006) pp147-150
^Hilmi Kolgjegja (2010). Perla shqiptare. Toena. ISBN9789992711606. Më 13 shtator 1922, Kongresi Ortodoks i Shqipërisë, mbledhur në Berat i përfaqësuar nga 33 delegatë, shpalli Autoqefale Kishën Ortodokse shqiptare dhe vendosi zhvillimin e meshës në gjuhën shqipe.
^"Partido Nacionalista Puertorriqueño", by Maria Cristina Rodriguez, in Encyclopedia of Contemporary Latin American and Caribbean Cultures, ed. by Ana M. Lopez (Taylor & Francis, 2000) p. 1115
^"Driver Sarles Killed, 9 Hurt, at Kansas City". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 18, 1922. p. 1.
^"Sarles, Auto Racer, Is Burned to Death In Kansas City Contest Won by Milton", The New York Times, September 18, 1922, p. 1
^"Canada Holds Up Reply to London Call for Troops". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 19, 1922. p. 7.
^Doherty, Edward (September 19, 1922). "Find All Miners Dead". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^"Ex-Kaiser to Wed Despite Sons' Opposition". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 19, 1922. p. 1.
^Brown, Cyril (September 20, 1922). "Wedding Bells to End Former Kaiser's Hopes". Chicago Daily Tribune: 7.
^"Yanks Clinch Deciding Game of St. Louis Series, 3 to 2, in Ninth", New York Herald, September 20, 1922, p. 12
^"Yesterday's Baseball— Standing of the Clubs", Boston Globe, September 19, 1922 p. 7
^"Browns Finish Season Only One Game Behind Yankee Pennant Crew", St. Louis Star, October 2, 1922
^Bruce Clark, Twice a Stranger: the mass expulsion that forged modern Greece and Turkey (Harvard University Press, 2006) p. 25
^"Bonus Killed in Senate, Lacks 4 Votes, After Hours Overrides Veto, 258 to 54; Bill Believed Dead for Harding's Term", The New York Times, September 21, 1922, p.1
^"$1,000,000 Company Will Color Movies; Inventor Is Daniel Frost Comstock— Big Dye Men on Board of Directors", The New York Times, September 21, 1922, p.1
^"Obtain Fine Views of Sun's Eclipse; Results Are Said to Favor the Einstein Theory, but Reports Will Be Long Delayed", The New York Times, September 22, 1922, p. 3
^"Sadi Lecointe Flies 213 Miles an Hour— French Aviator Regains World Speed Record, Recently Taken From Him by an Italian", The New York Times, September 22, 1922, p. 3
^"The Race for the Coupe Deutsch Trophy", Flight (October 5, 1922) p. 573.
^"Destroyer Sinks, 10 Drown— British Warship and Dutch Trawler Crash in Sea of Marmora", The New York Times, September 25, 1922, p. 2
^"Hamis Bey Rejects the Allies' Term for Peace Parley". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 25, 1922. p. 1.
^"Carpentier, French Idol, Knocked Out by Negro Fighter— Immense Paris Throng Stunned as Senegalese Severely Batters Opponent", The New York Times, September 25, 1922, p. 1
^Skene, Don (September 25, 1922). "Battling Siki Knocks Out Georges Carpentier". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^"Memoirs of the Ex-Kaiser: First Instalment [sic]", by William Hohenzollern, The New York Times, September 24, 1922, p.7-1
^"British Give Turks 48 Hours to Get Out of Neutral Zone; U. S. Stands for Free Straits". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 26, 1922. p. 1.
^"Giants Beat Cards And Win Pennant", The New York Times, September 27, 1922, p. 31.
^"Giants Nail Tenth National League Flag". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 26, 1922. p. 17.
^"Gen. Carlo Caneva Dead", The New York Times, September 26, 1922, p. 17.
^"Rum-Ship Seizures Frobidden Beyond Three-Mile Limit". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 26, 1922. p. 1.
^"Watson of Georgia Dies in Washington"The New York Times, September 27, 1922, p.19
^"Congressman Charles R. Connell", The New York Times, September 27, 1922, p.19
^"Earl Spencer Dead; Was Big Landowner", The New York Times, September 27, 1922, p.19
^"Constantine Abdicates Throne; Greek Cabinet has Resigned; Army and Navy is in Revolt". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 27, 1922. p. 1.
^"George Made King as Constantine Quits— Revolt Forces Abdication; King of Greece Submits to Demands as Navy Joins Hostile Army", The New York Times, September 28, 1922, p. 1
^John Grundy, "The Death Penalty in Ireland: A Legacy of the Civil War?" (University College Dublin, 1999)
^"Irish Dail Sets Up Military Courts", The New York Times, September 28, 1922, p. 5
^"Italian Fort, Struck by Lightning, Blows Up; 144 Killed, Hundreds Hurt, Towns Razed", The New York Times, September 29, 1922, p. 1
^"1922". Bolzano scomparsa. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
^"Raisuli, Famous Morocco Bandit, Spanish Captive". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 29, 1922. p. 1.
^"ORDER CLOSING CAFE FOR YEAR SUSTAINED; Manton's Decree Against Former Reisenweber's Is Upheld by Circuit Court of Appeals". The New York Times. No. January 19, 1923.
^Clayton, John (September 30, 1922). "Turks Push into Thrace". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^Lynnwood E. Oyos, Following in His Steps (Ex. Machina Publishing Company, 1998) pp. 17–29
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