A smart home hub,[1] sometimes also referred to as a "smart hub", "gateway'",[2] "bridge", "controller" or "coordinator", is a control center/centre for a smart home, and enables the components of a smart home to communicate and respond to each other via communication through a central point.[3] The smart home hub can consist of dedicated computer appliance, software appliance, or software running on computer hardware, and makes it possible to gather configuration, automation and monitoring of a smart house by communicating and controlling different smart devices that consist of for example home appliances, sensors and relays or robots, many of which are commonly categorized under Internet of things.
A smart home can contain one, several, or even no smart home hubs. When using several smart home hubs it is sometimes possible to connect them to each other. Some smart home hubs support a wider selection of components, while others are more specialized for controlling products within certain product groups or using certain wireless technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and/or Zigbee).
Various communication protocols can be used between smart home hubs and smart house components.[9] The protocols can be grouped into wired and wireless technologies.
Wireless protocols
Some examples of wireless protocols commonly used in smart home hubs are:
There are several cabled bus systems, some of which are built directly into electric panels. Some examples of wired protocols commonly used in smart home hubs are:
DALI, open standard for network-based lighting control in buildings, well suited for dimming.
KNX, older and well-established open standard for network-based control of lighting, sensors, HVAC, etc. in buildings. There is also a wireless extension of KNX called KNX-RF.
DMX, a standard for control of stage lighting, smoke machines and more, but also used to a certain extent for home automation due to the widespread use in professional stage equipment and good availability on the market
X10, widespread in older home automation equipment in the USA, but only used to a small extent in new installations.
LonWorks, an open standard for networking platforms used for control applications of lighting and HVAC.
BACnet, an open protocol (ISO 16484-5) for information exchange between building automation systems, regardless of the particular building service they perform. Designed for applications such as automation and control of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning control (HVAC), lighting control, access control, fire detection systems, and associated equipment.
Modbus, an openly published and royalty free data communications protocol, especially popular in industrial environments.