Dubuisson was born in Cannes. He enjoyed a successful amateur career, during which he won several major amateur tournaments, including the 2009 European Amateur, and was the number one ranked amateur player in the world for eight weeks from 4 November to 23 December 2009.[3]
As an amateur he also entered and made the cut in several professional tournaments, the highlight being a third-place finish at the 2009 Allianz EurOpen de Lyon on the Challenge Tour.[4] He qualified for his first European Tour event at 15 years old, at the 2005 Open de France, missing the cut.[5] In 2010 he qualified for The Open Championship, missing the cut; he turned professional shortly after the Open.
He ended 52nd in the 2012 Race to Dubai. He won for the first time as a professional at the 2013 Turkish Airlines Open.[7] With seven top 10s, he ranked sixth at the 2013 Race to Dubai.
Dubuisson finished second in the 2014 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship to Jason Day. The match play event ended on the 23rd hole. Thanks to this result, he earned enough non-member FedEx Cup points to be eligible for "Special Temporary Membership" on the PGA Tour, which he accepted. This allowed him unlimited sponsor exemptions for the remainder of the 2014 season.[8] He finished 9th at the 2014 Open Championship and 7th at the PGA Championship. At the end of the 2014 PGA Tour season, his total earnings of US$670,000 as a non-member allowed him to earn a PGA Tour card for the 2014–15 season.
In 2015, Dubuisson shared his time between the European Tour and the PGA Tour. While his season in Europe was successful, with a second win at the Turkish Airlines Open, he failed to make an impact in America where he made only 4 cuts in the 10 events, finishing 190th in the FedEx Cup and losing his tour card.
In 2016 and 2017 Dubuisson played on the European Tour. He made 21 cuts and earned more than €2,000,000 in total during those two seasons.[9] He missed most of the 2018 season after having an operation on his sinuses in late 2017, and then perforating an eardrum while flying back from the Open de España in April.[10]
Dubuisson returned to the European Tour in 2019, making the cut in 13 of his 20 tournaments and placing in the top 20 on five occasions. He played only seven times on the 2020 Tour, however these appearances included two top 10 finishes. 2021 has seen Dubuisson return as a regular player on the European Tour again, including 8 tournament entries by May.
In December 2023, Dubuisson announced his retirement from professional golf at the age of 33.[11]
*As of 23 October 2018. There is duplication between PGA Tour and European Tour stats for wins, top 10s and money earned in World Golf Championships and Major Championships.[15]