Visa requirements for Indonesian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Indonesia by the authorities of other states.
As of September 2024, Indonesian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 76 countries and territories, ranking the Indonesian passport 65th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for Indonesian citizens holding ordinary passports
There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple-entry Schengen visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
A maximum of 90 days of stay per period. An ETA is available for holders of US B2 visa or Schengen C visa (with at least 3 months of validity left) at a fee of 50 USD, for a stay of up to 90 days.[12]
Visa on arrival is available for holders of a valid sticker visa or resident card issued by Australia, Canada, GCC countries, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, EU or Schengen Area member states, United Kingdom or United States.
Indonesian nationals must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport and are not on flights to or from Russia since these are regarded as internal Union State internal flights with no border controls.[28]
Indonesian nationals must also have plane tickets with confirmation of a departure date within 30 days and medical insurance in the amount of at least €10,000.[28]
A Transit Without Visa (TWOV) is available if the Indonesian national holds a valid US visa, is traveling on an approved airline, and enters through an approved Canadian airport.^ However, nationals may not leave the airport during their stopover.[51]
Passengers traveling as tourists can obtain a visa on arrival at Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, Shenzen, for a maximum stay of 5 days. They must not leave Shenzhen during their stay.[57] This is commonly done by entering Shenzhen from Hong Kong through the Lo Wu border crossing where VoA formalities are done.
A 24-hour Transit Without Visa (TWOV) is technically available, but as many have been denied entry, relying on this is not recommended. Unofficially, one might have a chance if you have 10+ hours of layover. [58]
Passengers with a valid and used visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days.[82]
An eVisa will be valid for 120 days with the right to stay in Georgia up to 30 days during the validity period.
Visa may be substituted with a valid visa or residence permit issued by USA, UK, Japan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, South Korea, Schengen, and GCC countries, whose holders may be granted visa-free entry for 90 days in any 180 days. The visa and other documentation must be presented at the border.[102]
e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][118]
An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[119]
Nationals of Indonesia with a valid UK standard visitor visa, if they have first entered the United Kingdom and been granted a stay of 180 days in the United Kingdom, are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 90 days in Ireland (Rep.) or until the end of the period of stay granted in the United Kingdom, whichever is shorter. Not applicable to short-stay visas issued for the purpose of transit, marriage or to enter into a civil partnership, and to long-term student visas.[125]
Visa not required for visits up to 15 days using the Indonesian biometric passports that have previously been registered at the Japan Visa Exemption System (JAVES) website.[131][132][133] Valid for 3 years or when passport expires, whichever comes first.
Citizens holding a residence permit or a valid visa issued by one of the member states of the European Union or one of the parties to the Schengen Agreement can apply for an electronic visa.[172]
There are no visa requirements for entry into Monaco, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Mediterranean sea. A multiple-entry Schengen visa is required to re-enter either France when leaving Monaco.
Holders of travel documents containing a valid Schengen visa, a valid visa of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Ireland, or a permission to stay in these countries, may enter and stay, or pass through the territory of Montenegro up to 30 days, and not longer than the expiry of visa, if the period of validity of the visa is less than 30 days.[177]
May transit without visa if transit is through Auckland Airport and for no longer than 24 hours, subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[188]
Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[189]
Visa is not needed for holders of a permanent residence in an EU Member State or a country signatory of the Schengen Agreement, they may stay no longer than 15 (fifteen) days upon every entry into the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia as long as the total length of stay does not exceed 90 days in any 180-day period.
Visa requirement is waived for multiple-entry, 1 year valid USA, Australia, Canada or UK visa holders. Schengen visa holders are also included in this category.[201]
Passengers and first-degree family members of passengers with a tourist or business visa issued by USA, United Kingdom, or a Schengen Member State traveling as tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 90 days. The visa must have been used at least once and should have an entry stamp of the issuing country. Passengers are allowed a total stay of 90 days within a period of 12 months.[225]
Travellers holding Umroh Visa can now travel outside Medina and Mekkah for tourism purposes. [226]
Agreement on mutual visa abolishment (30 days) was approved on 18 November 2020.[275] Visa exemption (30 days) agreement was signed in Kyiv, Ukraine on 29 June 2022.[276]
Online Application for Travel Authorization Certificate (TAC) available for Indonesian passport holders if:
holding visa/residence permit/permanent residence certificate issued by USA/Canada/South Korea/UK/Schengen Convention countries, which may be valid or has expired less than 10 years prior to the date of arrival
holding electronic visa issued by Australia/New Zealand, that is still valid by the date of arrival
holding Japanese visa/visa waiver together with proof of record of entering Japan or confirmed onward ticket to Japan
holding South Korean visa together with proof of record of entering South Korea.
holding visa/residence permit issued by Taiwan (ROC) which has expired less than 10 years prior to the date of arrival; holders of entry visas bearing the remark FL (migrant worker), X (others), or P with “Special permission from MOFA” (visa and eVisa for “Project for Simplifying Visa Regulations for High-end Group Tourists from Southeast Asian Countries (Project Kuan-Hong)” ever issued), as well as holders of Taiwan (ROC) resident cards with stated purpose of residence being migrant worker (移工), are not eligible for a TAC
No visa required for holders of a permanent residency of France or one of the Schengen signatory states.[334] includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy
Visa requirements for Indonesian citizens holding diplomatic or service passports based on bilateral agreements
Indonesia
Visa-free for holders of both diplomatic and service passports
Visa-free for holders of diplomatic passports only
Holders of Indonesian diplomatic or official / service passports may enter the following countries without a visa for 30 days (unless otherwise stated):
D - Diplomatic passports only. 1 - 90 days 2 - 90 days within any 180-day period. 3 - 60 days 4 - 30 days within any 180-day period. 5 - 14 days
Visa exemption due to having other visas
Although a visa is generally needed by Indonesian citizens who hold ordinary passports, some countries apply visa waivers providing the Indonesian passport holders are also in possession of a visa or residence permit for certain countries (mainly USA / Canada / UK / Schengen / Australia/New Zealand). Some countries who apply such rules are these:
Albania: Requires valid multiple entry Schengen visa ("C" or "D") or valid residence permit in any Schengen member states or previously used multiple-entry visa or residence permit of UK or USA, stay is within the validity term of the visa or the residence permit.[349][350]
Andorra: No formal visa required but multiple-entry Schengen visa is required.[351]
Anguilla: Requires valid visa issued by U.K. Please read additional information.[352]
Antigua and Barbuda: Requires a valid visa issued by USA/Canada/Schengen states/UK and payment of appropriate fees.[353][354]
Argentina: ETA available for holders of US B2 visa or Schengen C visa (with at least 3 months' validity left) at a fee of 50 USD and for a stay of up to 90 days.[12]
Belize: Visa on arrival for holder of valid multiple entry USA visa.[355]
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Requires valid multiple-entry visa or residence permit issued by a Schengen or EU countries for stay up to 15 days.[38]
British Virgin Islands: Requires visa issued by Canada, USA or United Kingdom valid for a minimum of 6 months on arrival. They must travel as tourists or on business for a maximum stay of 6 months.
Bulgaria: Valid Schengen visa required or valid visas and residence permits issued by Romania, Cyprus and Croatia.[356]
Costa Rica: Requires valid visa from EU Member State, Canada, Japan, Korea (Rep. of) or USA, for a max.stay of 90 days.[352]
Cyprus: Requires valid multiple entry Schengen visa ("C" or "D") or valid residence permit in any Schengen member states or valid multiple-entry visas and residence permits issued by Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia.[357]
Dominican Republic: Requires visa issued by Canada, USA or any EU Member State for a max. stay of 30 days. Fee: USD 10.-. Extension possible.[352]
Georgia: Requires valid visa/residence permit (min. 6 months from expire date) for Canada, the US, UK, a Schengen Member State, Overseas/Dependant Territories of GB & Northern Ireland, Middle East GCC, Japan, South Korea, Australia, or New Zealand for nationals of Indonesia.[358]
Honduras: Requires valid visa for Canada, the USA or a Schengen Member State for nationals of Indonesia.[352]
Kosovo: Requires valid multiple entry Schengen visa and stay up to 15 days.[359]
Mexico: Requires permanent residency in Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States (B1/B2 visa also accepted) or the Schengen countries.[360][361]
Montenegro: Requires visa issued by a Schengen Member State or U.S.A., or not longer than the expiry of the visa, if the validity of the visa is less than 7 days.[362]
North Macedonia: Requires permanent residence permit of any EU or Schengen member states or a multiple entry Schengen visa (C). In case of possession of multiple entry Schengen type C visa, validity of the visa must be at least 5 days than the planned stay in North Macedonia.[363]
Panama: Requires visa issued by USA/UK/Canada/Australia/any member countries of the EU, which has been used at least once to enter those countries AND must buy tourist card that is of 30 USD on arrival.[364]
Romania: Requires valid multiple entry Schengen visa ("C" or "D") or valid residence permit in any Schengen member states or permanent residence permits issued by the UK or Ireland (the validity of which is of 5 years or more) or valid visa issued by Bulgaria, Cyprus or Croatia.[365]
São Tomé and Príncipe: Requires visa issued by USA or a Schengen Member state together with a passport valid for a minimum of 3 months from the arrival date for a maximum stay of 15 days.
Saudi Arabia: Passengers and first-degree family members of passengers with a tourist or business visa issued by USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State traveling as tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 90 days. The visa must have been used at least once and should have an entry stamp of the issuing country. Passengers are allowed a total stay of 90 days within a period of 12 months.[225]
South Korea: Requires valid visa of USA/Canada/Australia/New Zealand and is travelling between one of those countries to/from a third country and hold a confirmed onward ticket departing within 30 days.[352]
Taiwan: Online Application for Travel Authorization Certificate (TAC) available for Indonesian passport holders who hold visa/residence permit/permanent residence certificate issued by the USA/Canada/South Korea/UK/Schengen Convention countries, which may be valid or has expired less than 10 years prior to the date of arrival, or valid electronic visa issued by Australia/New Zealand by the time of arrival, Japanese visa/visa waiver together with proof of record of entering Japan or confirmed onward ticket to Japan, or South Korean visa together with proof of record of entering South Korea. TAC is also available to those who have a visa/residence permit issued by Taiwan (ROC) which has expired less than 10 years prior to the date of arrival; holders of entry visas bearing the remark FL (migrant worker), X (others), or P with “Special permission from MOFA” (visa and eVisa for “Project for Simplifying Visa Regulations for High-end Group Tourists from Southeast Asian Countries (Project Kuan-Hong)” ever issued), as well as holders of Taiwan (ROC) resident cards with stated purpose of residence being migrant worker (移工), are not eligible for a TAC.[303][366]
24 August 2015: During a meeting with the Vice President of Panama, Isabel Saint Malo at the East Asia-Latin America Cooperation in San José, Costa Rica, the foreign minister of Indonesia, Retno Marsudi formally requested Panama to provide a visa on arrival facility to Indonesians.[369]
30 September 2015: In a bilateral meeting with the foreign minister of Mexico, Claudia Ruiz Massieu in the United Nations headquarters in New York, Retno Marsudi requested Mexico to give reciprocal treatment for a visa waiver policy for Indonesians to visit Mexico.[370]
26 October 2015: In response to Indonesia's recent policy to abolish visa requirements for American citizens, the United States government plans to extend non-immigrant visas' validity issued to nationals of Indonesia to up to 10 years.[371]
22 May 2018: Indonesian Foreign Minister, Retno Marsudi on her meeting with her Argentine counterpart, Jorge Faurie in Buenos Aires requests Argentina to ease visa application procedure for Indonesian citizens wanting to visit the South American nation.[372]
Asia
May 2024: Indonesian Embassy Seoul (KBRI Seoul) will discuss plans to enable visa free travel to South Korea for Indonesian passport holders.[373]
March 2015: The government of Indonesia plans to pursue a reciprocal visa-waiver agreement with China, Japan, South Korea and Russia.[374][375][376][377]
5 August 2015: During her visit to the 48th AMM in Kuala Lumpur, the foreign minister of Indonesia, Retno Marsudi and the foreign minister of South Korea, Yun Byung-se discussed further implementation of visa exemption agreements for Indonesians to travel to South Korea. Negotiation for the same agreements also discussed with her Russian counterpart, foreign minister of Russia, Sergei Lavrov for further implementation of visa exemption agreements for Indonesians to travel to Russia.[378][379][380][381][382]
21 October 2015: In the Joint Commission for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC) meeting between Indonesia and Mongolia in Jakarta, Indonesia's Foreign Affairs Deputy Minister, A.M. Fachir and Mongolia State Secretary/Acting Foreign Affairs Vice Minister, Damba Gankhuyag are planning to arrange a mutual reciprocal visa waiver for holders of ordinary passports of both countries.[383]
24 October 2015: On the sidelines meeting of the Ocean Rim Association in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi and Indian Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Vijay Kumar Singh are planning to arrange a mutual reciprocal visa waiver for holders of ordinary passport of both countries.[384][385]
8 June 2016: The Taiwan government plans to extend its visa exemption scheme to Indonesian passport holders, as well as visa simplification to the rest 7 ASEAN nations. Visitors from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam will be granted entry privileges such as visa waivers, landing visas or e-visas, according to the report. Visitors from three others ASEAN member nations, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand already enjoy visa exemptions for stays of up to 30 days in Taiwan.[386][387][388]
19 February 2019: At Investment Summit 2019 in Kathmandu, Nepal, Indonesian Ambassador to Bangladesh, Rina Soemarno requests that Bangladesh grants Indonesian passport holder visa-free access to the country based on reciprocity.[389]
Europe
April 2015: Delegation of Indonesia and parliament of Romania has raised a possibility of waiving visa requirements for holders of diplomatic, service, and ordinary passports of both countries.[390][391]
July 27, 2015: During his visit in Indonesia, the prime minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron and the president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo raised a possibility to abolish visa requirements for holders of diplomatic, service and ordinary passport of Indonesia.[397][398][399][400][401]
31 July 2015: Indonesian Ambassador to Bulgaria and Albania and Bulgarian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs have raised possibility of waiving visa requirements for holders of ordinary passports of both countries.[402]
26 August 2015: In an interview to Indonesian media on 26 August 2015, Russian Ambassador to Indonesia, Mikhail Y Galuzin told that his government is ready to waive visa requirements to ordinary passport of Indonesia. Date of implementation is not determined yet because talks and negotiations are still on going.[403]
28 September 2015: In the 70th UN General Assembly in New York, the foreign minister of Indonesia, Retno Marsudi requested support from her French and German counterparts to secure visa-free access to the Schengen Area for Indonesian citizens. Foreign minister of France, Laurent Fabius and foreign minister of Germany, Frank Walter Steinmeier are committed to support Indonesia's request by the time this issue is discussed at the EU Commission. Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Romania also give their support for Indonesia to get a visa-free access to Schengen Area.[404][405][406]
5 November 2015: On the sidelines of the EU-ASEAN ministerial meeting in Luxembourg, the European Commission has reportedly included Indonesia in a list of countries proposed for review by the European Council. Indonesia's proposal will be submitted to the council early next year. European Council then will ask three main entities (Frontex, Europol and EASO) to study and review Indonesia's eligibility. If the study results are positive then the Council and the European Commission will propose a new regulation regarding the status change of Indonesia to get visa-free Schengen.[407][408][409]
27 April 2016: During his visit in Indonesia, the president of Serbia, Tomislav Nikolić and the president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo raised a possibility to abolish visa requirements for holders of diplomatic and service passports.[410]
17 May 2017: President Grybauskaite, during her state visit to Indonesia, expressed Lithuania's readiness to support the negotiations on CEPA and the free-visa policy for EU member states as such cooperation will help to generate a revenue of €2.5 billion.[411]
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[413] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[416][417]
Passport validity length
Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[418][419] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[420]
Some countries, such as Japan,[421] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[422] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[423] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[424] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[425] Philippines,[426] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[427]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand.
Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[428] and South Africa.
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[429] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[430]
Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)
Kuwait,[431] Lebanon,[432] Libya,[433] Syria,[434] and Yemen[435] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[436]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[437][438] Argentina,[439] Brunei, Cambodia,[440] China,[441] Ethiopia,[442] Ghana, Guinea,[443] India, Japan,[444][445] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[446] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[447] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[448] Singapore, South Korea,[449] Taiwan, Thailand,[450] Uganda,[451] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[452][453][454] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[455]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[456] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[457][458]
^"Visa entry requirements (countries)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. 15 November 2023.
^"Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
^Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
^"Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
^"Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
^"Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
^"Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
^"Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
^"Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
^"Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
^Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
^"China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
^"Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
^"Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
^Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
^Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
^"Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
1British Overseas Territories.
2 These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.
3 Partially recognized.
4Unincorporated territory of the United States.
5 Part of the Kingdom of Denmark.
6Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.
