William FitzEmpress

William FitzEmpress
William FitzEmpress
Viscount of Dieppe
Born	22 July 1136; Argentan, Normandy
Died	30 January 1164 (aged 27); Rouen, Normandy
Burial	Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Rouen
House	Plantagenet/Angevin
Father	Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Mother	Empress Matilda

William FitzEmpress (22 July 1136 – 30 January 1164) or William Longespee^[2] was the youngest of the three sons of Empress Matilda and Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. His brothers were Henry II of England and Geoffrey, Count of Nantes.

Early life

William Fitzempress, also known as William of Anjou, was born in 1136, the third and youngest son of Count Geoffrey V of Anjou and his wife, Empress Matilda, the daughter of the late English King Henry I of England. He was born in the time known as The Anarchy, an 18-year civil war that disputed the succession of the English crown between his mother Matilda, the late king's daughter, and her cousin Stephen of Blois. William would have seen little of either of his parents, for, while his father fought in Normandy, his mother campaigned in England. William's eldest brother, Prince Henry Curtmantle, would also join the campaign at age 14 in 1147 (when William was still 11). Henry would later be made Duke of Normandy in 1150 by their father, after the latter had subdued the duchy.

In 1151, Count Geoffrey died suddenly at age 38, leaving his wife and three teenage sons, with Henry becoming the new head of the Angevin Dynasty. According to the deceased Count's will, Anjou would go to Henry until he became King of England, upon which the second brother, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, would receive Anjou. The war would continue until 1153, when the aging Stephen, now around 61 years old, came to an agreement with William's eldest brother Henry that respected Stephen's right to reign for the rest of his life but on the condition that the young Henry be his successor. Stephen would die a year later, in 1154, and William's brother would become King Henry II of England.

Career

In 1156, aged 20, William was with his brother Henry at the siege of Chinon.^[3] This siege was occasioned by the rebellion of their brother Geoffrey.^[4] He also conducted the siege at the castle of Mountreuil-Bellay. While doing so he had the writings of the Roman military theorist Vegetius read to him; he then did what Vegetius had done, and the siege ended the next day.^[5]

In September 1155, King Henry held a council at Winchester where he enthusiastically considered invading Ireland and giving it to William, making him king. The plans were abandoned when their mother, Empress Matilda, objected: she did not consider Ireland worth conquering.^[6]^[7] Henry did, however, and he made William one of the richest men in England, granting him seven manors (Maldon in Essex; Dartford, Hoo, and Shorne in Kent; Aylsham and Cawston in Norfolk; and Hintlesham in Suffolk).^[3] He also had land surrounding Dieppe, Normandy, of which he was made vicomte.

Obstruction

In 1162, William was to marry Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey, one of the great heiresses in England. Their prohibited degree of affinity was counted from her as widow through her deceased husband William of Blois, a double second cousin of William's. The men's maternal grandmothers were siblings and FitzEmpress's maternal grandfather was the sibling of Blois's paternal grandmother. Because of this relationship, the marriage required a dispensation from affinity; such dispensations were usually granted without difficulty. However Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, refused to support the request for a dispensation and it was not granted because of that.^[8] In 1164, Isabel married William's half brother Hamelin of Anjou.

Death

William died suddenly shortly thereafter, it was said of a broken heart, and was buried in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Rouen.^[9] His brother Henry blamed Becket for William's death, and this might well have been the beginning of the great conflict between them. When Becket was murdered 29 December 1170, one of the assailants was Richard le Breton who had been a knight in William's employ. When Breton delivered his fatal blow he shouted, "Take that, for the love of my lord William, the king's brother!"^[3]

Possible marriage

According to some French genealogies, William FitzEmpress was also called William Touremine and married to Constance of Penthièvre, a sister of the Duke of Brittany Conan IV. They claim him as founder of the House of Tournemine as father of Oliver I and Geoffrey of Tournemine. However, there is no evidence for this marriage, and no evidence of William Tournemine's identity either.^[a]^[10]

Ancestry

Ancestors of William FitzEmpress

16. Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais

8. Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

17. Ermengarde of Anjou

4. Fulk of Jerusalem

18. Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort

9. Bertrade de Montfort

19. Agnes d'Évreux

2. Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou

20. Jean de Beaugency, Seigneur de la Fleche

10. Elias I, Count of Maine

21. Paula of Maine

5. Ermengarde of Maine

22. Gervais II, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir

11. Matilda de Château-du-Loir

23. Éremburge ...

1. William FitzEmpress

24. Robert I, Duke of Normandy

12. William I of England

25. Herleva ...

6. Henry I of England

26. Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

13. Matilda of Flanders

27. Adèle of France

3. Matilda of England

28. Duncan I of Scotland

14. Malcolm III of Scotland

29. Suthen ...

7. Matilda of Scotland

30. Edward Ætheling

15. Margaret of Wessex

31. Agatha ...

Notes

^ Several theories about the identity of the founder of the House of Tournemine exist but most of them are contradicted by historical facts. Anatole de Barthélemy mentions some of them: (1) the first Tournemine was an Edward Tournemine, nephew of the King of England, who fought with Peter Mauclerc against the King of France and married Peter’s younger sister Constance; (2) Edward Tournemine, an English captain, was sent to Brittany by Henry II of England to help Conan IV fighting his step-father Odo and the grateful Duke gave him estates in Brittany as well as his sister Constance’s hand in marriage; (3) the first lord of Tournemine married the younger sister of Guy of Thouars, Constance of Brittany's third husband; (4) William FitzEmpress, Henry II’s younger brother, married Conan IV’s sister Constance

References

^ Amt, Emile (2004). "William FitzEmpress (1136–1164)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46709. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Holroyd, Graham (2000). "The Earliest Known Depiction of the Royal Arms of England?". Coat of Arms. 192.
^ ^a ^b ^c Amt 2004.
^ Warren, W L (28 November 1977). Henry II. Univ. of California Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0520034945.
^ Duby, Georges (8 December 1993). Juliet Vale, trans. (ed.). France in the Middle Ages, 987–1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 178. ISBN 978-0631189459.
^ Warren 1977, p. 195.
^ Weir, Alison (2001). Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life. Ballantine Books. p. 145. ISBN 9780345434876. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ Warren 1977, p. 449.
^ Stevenson, Joseph, ed. (1991). The Chronicles of Robert de Monte. Llanerch Publishers. p. 99. ISBN 9780947992781. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ Anatole de Barthélemy, Généalogies historiques. IV. Maison de Tournemine, in Revue nobiliaire, héraldique et biographique, published by M. Bonneterre de St-Denis, 1872, Paris, pp 1-10.