To function, WordPress has to be installed on a web server, either as part of an Internet hosting service or on a computer running the WordPress software package.[7]
"WordPress is a factory that makes webpages"[11] is a core analogy designed to clarify the functions of WordPress: it stores content and enables a user to create and publish webpages, requiring nothing beyond a domain and a hosting service.
WordPress users may install and switch among many different themes. Themes allow users to change the look and functionality of a WordPress website without altering the core code or site content. Custom code can be added to the website by using a child theme or through a code editor. Every WordPress website requires at least one theme to be present. Themes may be directly installed using the WordPress "Appearance" administration tool in the dashboard, or theme folders may be copied directly into the themes directory.[13] WordPress themes are generally classified into two categories: free and premium. Many free themes are listed in the WordPress theme directory (also known as the repository), and premium themes are available for purchase from marketplaces and individual WordPress developers. WordPress users may also create and develop their own custom themes and upload them in the WordPress directory or repository.[14]
Plugins
WordPress' plugin architecture allows users to extend or depreciate the features and functionality of a website or blog.[15][16] As of December 2021[update], WordPress.org has 59,756 plugins available,[17] each of which offers custom functions and features enabling users to tailor their sites to their specific needs. However, this does not include the available premium plugins (approximately 1,500+), which may not be listed in the WordPress.org repository. These customizations range from search engine optimization (SEO) to client portals used to display private information to logged-in users, to content management systems, to content displaying features, such as the addition of widgets and navigation bars. Not all available plugins are always abreast with the upgrades, and as a result, they may not function properly or may not function at all. If the plugin developer has not tested the plugin with the last two major versions of WordPress, a warning message will be displayed on the plugin directory, informing users that the plugin may not work properly with the latest WordPress version.[18] Most plugins are available through WordPress themselves, either via downloading them and installing the files manually via FTP or through the WordPress dashboard. However, many third parties offer plugins through their websites, many of which are paid packages.
Web developers who wish to develop plugins need to learn WordPress' hook system, which consists of over 2,000 hooks (as of Version 5.7 in 2021)[19] divided into two categories: action hooks and filter hooks.[20]
Plugins also represent a development strategy that can transform WordPress into all sorts of software systems and applications, limited only by the imagination and creativity of programmers. These are implemented using custom plugins to create non-website systems, such as headless WordPress applications and Software as a Service (SaaS) products.
Plugins could also be used by hackers targeting sites that use WordPress, as hackers could exploit bugs in WordPress plugins instead of bugs in WordPress itself.[21]
Mobile applications
Phone apps for WordPress exist for WebOS,[22]Android,[23]iOS,[24][25]Windows Phone, and BlackBerry.[26] These applications, designed by Automattic, have options such as adding new blog posts and pages, commenting, moderating comments, replying to comments in addition to the ability to view the stats.[24][25]
Accessibility
The WordPress Accessibility Coding Standards state that "All new or updated code released in WordPress must conform with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 at level AA."[27]
Other features
WordPress also features integrated link management, a search engine–friendly, clean permalink structure; the ability to assign multiple categories to posts; and support for tagging of posts. Automatic filters are also included, providing standardized formatting and styling of text in posts (for example, converting regular quotes to smart quotes). WordPress also supports the Trackback and Pingback standards for displaying links to other sites that have themselves linked to a post or an article. WordPress posts can be edited in HTML, using the visual editor, or using one of several plugins that allow for a variety of customized editing features.
Multi-user and multi-blogging
Before version 3, WordPress supported one blog per installation, although multiple concurrent copies may be run from different directories if configured to use separate database tables. WordPress Multisites (previously referred to as WordPress Multi-User, WordPress MU, or WPMU) was a fork of WordPress created to allow multiple blogs to exist within one installation but can be administered by a centralized maintainer. WordPress MU makes it possible for those with websites to host their own blogging communities, as well as control and moderate all the blogs from a single dashboard. WordPress MU adds eight new data tables for each blog.
As of the release of WordPress 3, WordPress MU has merged with WordPress.[28]
History
b2/cafelog, more commonly known as b2 or catalog, was the precursor to WordPress.[29] b2/cafelog was estimated to have been installed on approximately 2,000 blogs as of May 2003.[30] It was written in PHP for use with MySQL by Michel Valdrighi, who was a contributing developer to WordPress until 2005. Although WordPress is the official successor, another project, b2evolution, is also in active development.
As the development of b2/cafelog slowed down, Matt Mullenweg began pondering the idea of forking b2/cafelog and new features that he would want in a new CMS, in a blog post written on January 24, 2003.[31] Mike Little, a professional developer, became the first to comment on the blog post expressing interest to contribute.[31][32] The two worked together to create the first version of WordPress, version 0.70,[33] which was released on May 27, 2003.[34] Christine Selleck Tremoulet, a friend of Mullenweg, suggested the name WordPress.[35][36]
In 2004, the licensing terms for the competing Movable Type package were changed by Six Apart, resulting in many of its most influential users migrating to WordPress.[37][38] By October 2009, the Open Source CMS MarketShare Report concluded that WordPress enjoyed the greatest brand strength of any open-source content management system.
As of May 2021, WordPress is used by 64.8% of all the websites whose content management system is known, and 41.4% of the top 10 million websites.[4]
Starting September 2024, Mullenweg engaged WordPress, Wordpress.com, and Automattic in a dispute leading to a lawsuit with hosting company WP Engine, causing widespread community concern.[39]
Awards and recognition
Winner of InfoWorld's "Best of open source software awards: Collaboration", awarded in 2008.[40]
Winner of Open Source CMS Awards's "Overall Best Open Source CMS", awarded in 2009.[41]
Winner of digital synergy's "Hall of Fame CMS category in the 2010 Open Source", awarded in 2010.[42]
Winner of InfoWorld's "Bossie award for Best Open Source Software", awarded in 2011.[43]
Release history
Main releases of WordPress are codenamed after well-known jazz musicians, starting from version 1.0.[44][45]
Although only the current release is officially supported, security updates are backported "as a courtesy" to all versions as far back as 4.0.[46]
Used the same file structure as its predecessor, b2/cafelog, and continued the numbering from its last release, 0.6.[50] Only 0.71-gold is available for download in the official WordPress Release Archive page.
Added a range of vital features, such as the ability to manage static pages and a template/Theme system. It was also equipped with a new default template (codenamed Kubrick).[55] designed by Michael Heilemann.
Added rich editing, better administration tools, image uploading, faster posting, improved import system, fully overhauled the back end, and various improvements to Plugin developers.
Added native tagging support, new taxonomy system for categories, and easy notification of updates, fully supports Atom 1.0, with the publishing protocol, and some much-needed security fixes.
Added new features that made WordPress a more powerful CMS: it can now track changes to every post and page and allow easy posting from anywhere on the web.
Added speed improvements, automatically installing themes from within the administration interface, introducing the CodePress editor for syntax highlighting, and a redesigned widget interface.
Added new theme APIs, merged WordPress and WordPress MU, creating the new multi-site functionality, new default theme "Twenty Ten" and a refreshed, lighter admin UI.
Added the Admin Bar, which is displayed on all blog pages when an admin is logged in, and Post Format, best explained as a Tumblr-like micro-blogging feature. It provides easy access to many critical functions, such as comments and updates. Includes internal linking abilities, a newly streamlined writing interface, and many other changes.
Focused on making WordPress faster and lighter. Released only four months after version 3.1, reflecting the growing speed of development in the WordPress community.
New default theme "Twenty Thirteen", admin enhancements, post formats UI update, menus UI improvements, new revision system, autosave, and post locking.
Automatically apply maintenance and security updates in the background, stronger password recommendations, and support for automatically installing the right language files and keeping them up to date.
Improved admin interface, responsive design for mobile devices, new typography using Open Sans, admin color schemes, redesigned theme management interface, simplified main dashboard, "Twenty Fourteen" magazine-style default theme, second release using "Plugin-first development process".
Improved media management, embeds, writing interface, easy language change, theme customizer, plugin discovery, and compatibility with PHP 5.5 and MySQL 5.6.[76]
Comes with new default theme "Twenty Seventeen", Video Header Support, PDF preview, custom CSS in the live preview, editor Improvements, and other updates under the hood.
The next-generation editor. Additional specific goals include the TinyMCE inline element/link boundaries, new media widgets, and WYSIWYG in the text widget. End Support for Internet Explorer Versions 8, 9, and 10.
Improved theme customizer experience, including scheduling, frontend preview links, autosave revisions, theme browsing, improved menu functions, and syntax highlighting. Added a new gallery widget and updated text and video widgets. Theme editor gives warnings and rollbacks when saving files that produce fatal errors.[86]
Social Icons and Buttons blocks added, blocks customization and user interface improved, added features for personal data exports, custom fields for menu items, blocks improvements for developers.[93]
New default theme "Twenty Twenty-One," Gutenberg enhancements, automatic updates for core releases, increased support for PHP 8, application passwords for REST API authentication, improved accessibility.[97]
New editor is easier to use, do more without writing custom code, simpler default color palette, from HTTP to HTTPS in a single click, new Robots API, lazy-load your iframes and ongoing cleanup after update to jQuery 3.5.1.[99]
New default theme "Twenty Twenty-Two", new WordPress Admin feature Site Editor, Block Themes manageable through Site Editor, new Navigation block, improved block controls, Pattern Directory, List View, refactored Gallery block, Theme.json child theme support, block-level locking, multiple stylesheets per block.[103]
Gutenberg writing improvements, multiple style variations and expanded template options for block themes, integrated patterns, additional design tools, multiple block selections from the list view, block locking, and various performance, and accessibility improvements.[105]
Gutenberg writing improvements, design tools for more consistency and control, cleaner layouts and document settings visualization, menu management, fluid typography, improved block placeholders, and spacing presets.[107]
Reimagined Site Editor interface, improved Navigation block, Block Inserter, and organized block settings sidebar with tabs for Settings and Styles. A collection of header and footer patterns for block themes is also available, as well as Openverse media integration and Distraction Free mode for writing. The new Style Book provides a complete overview of how each block in the site's library looks, and users can now copy and paste styles and add custom CSS for more control over their site's appearance. Other features include sticky positioning for top-level group blocks, options to import favorite widgets from Classic themes, and local fonts in default WordPress themes for better privacy with Google Fonts included.[109]
Full content management through Site Editor, Block Theme preview, new My Patterns section for saved block arrangements, template and editor preference management via Command Palette, improved design tools and workflow, new Footnotes and Details block, performance and accessibility improvements. Image aspect ratio settings, distraction-free editing for Site Editor, updated Top Toolbar, improved List View, pattern template building.[111]
New default theme "Twenty Twenty-Four," writing enhancements, improved Command Palette, advanced Pattern filtering, expanded Block design tools, image lightbox functions, Group block renaming, image previews in List View, export custom patterns as JSON files, new Block Hooks feature, and various performance and accessibility improvements.[113]
Google Fonts management via Font Library, view timestamps, quick summaries, and revision history via Style Book, enhanced background tools, aspect ratios, and box shadows for Block layouts and groups, Data views, enhanced drag-and-drop, improved link controls, new Interactivity and Block Bindings API's, new appearance tools for Classic themes without using theme.json, Plugin Dependencies, and various performance and accessibility improvements.[115]
Additional color palette and font set choices, quick previews for pages, rollbacks for automatic plugin updates, Block style overrides, and various performance and accessibility improvements.[117]
New default theme "Twenty Twenty-Five," Zoom Out preview, custom fields for Blocks, font size presets for Styles, HEIC image support, and various performance and accessibility improvements.[119]
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Current stable version
Latest preview version
Future release
WordPress 5.0 "Bebo"
The December 2018 release of WordPress 5.0, "Bebo", is named in homage to the pioneering Cuban jazz musician Bebo Valdés.[120]
It included a new default editor "Gutenberg" – a block-based editor; that allows users to modify their displayed content in a much more user-friendly way than prior iterations. Blocks are abstract units of markup that, composed together, form the content or layout of a web page.[121] Past content that was created on WordPress pages is listed under what is referred to as a Classic Block.[122] Before Gutenberg, there were several block-based editors available as WordPress plugins, e.g. Elementor. Following the release of Gutenberg, comparisons were made between it and those existing plugins.[123][124]
Classic Editor plugin
The Classic Editor plugin was created as a result of User preferences and helped website developers maintain past plugins only compatible with WordPress 4.9, giving plugin developers time to get their plugins updated & compatible with the 5.0 release. Having the Classic Editor plugin installed restores the "classic" editing experience that WordPress has had up until the WordPress 5.0 release.[125] The Classic Editor plugin will be supported at least until 2024.[126]
As of August 2023, the Classic Editor plugin is active on over 5 million installations of WordPress.[127]
Vulnerabilities
Many security issues[128] have been uncovered and patched in the software, particularly in 2007, 2008, and 2015. According to Secunia, WordPress in April 2009 had seven unpatched security advisories (out of 32 total), with a maximum rating of "Less Critical". Secunia maintains an up-to-date list of WordPress vulnerabilities.[129]
In January 2007, many high-profile search engine optimization (SEO) blogs, as well as many low-profile commercial blogs featuring AdSense, were targeted and attacked with a WordPress exploit.[130] A separate vulnerability on one of the project site's web servers allowed an attacker to introduce exploitable code in the form of a back door to some downloads of WordPress 2.1.1. The 2.1.2 release addressed this issue; an advisory released at the time advised all users to upgrade immediately.[131]
In May 2007, a study revealed that 98% of WordPress blogs being run were exploitable because they were running outdated and unsupported versions of the software.[132] To help mitigate this problem, WordPress made updating the software a much easier, "one-click" automated process in version 2.7 (released in December 2008).[133] However, the filesystem security settings required to enable the update process can be an additional risk.[134]
In a June 2007 interview, Stefan Esser, the founder of the PHP Security Response Team, spoke critically of WordPress' security track record, citing problems with the application's architecture that made it unnecessarily difficult to write code that is secure from SQL injection vulnerabilities, as well as some other problems.[135]
In June 2013, it was found that some of the 50 most downloaded WordPress plugins were vulnerable to common Web attacks such as SQL injection and XSS. A separate inspection of the top 10 e-commerce plugins showed that seven of them were vulnerable.[136]
To promote better security and to streamline the update experience overall, automatic background updates were introduced in WordPress 3.7.[137]
Individual installations of WordPress can be protected with security plugins that prevent user enumeration, hide resources, and thwart probes. Users can also protect their WordPress installations by taking steps such as keeping all WordPress installations, themes, and plugins updated, using only trusted themes and plugins,[138] and editing the site's .htaccess configuration file if supported by the webserver to prevent many types of SQL injection attacks and block unauthorized access to sensitive files. It is especially important to keep WordPress plugins updated because would-be hackers can easily list all the plugins a site uses and then run scans searching for any vulnerabilities against those plugins. If vulnerabilities are found, they may be exploited to allow hackers to, for example, upload their files (such as a web shell) that collect sensitive information.
Developers can also use tools to analyze potential vulnerabilities, including Jetpack Protect, WPScan, WordPress Auditor, and WordPress Sploit Framework developed by 0pc0deFR. These types of tools research known vulnerabilities, such as CSRF, LFI, RFI, XSS, SQL injection, and user enumeration. However, not all vulnerabilities can be detected by tools, so it is advisable to check the code of plugins, themes, and other add-ins from other developers.
In March 2015, it was reported that the Yoast SEO plugin was vulnerable to SQL injection, allowing attackers to potentially execute arbitrary SQL commands.[139][140] The issue was fixed in version 1.7.4 of the plugin.[141]
In January 2017, security auditors at Sucuri identified a vulnerability in the WordPress REST API that would allow any unauthenticated user to modify any post or page within a site running WordPress 4.7 or greater. The auditors quietly notified WordPress developers, and within six days WordPress released a high-priority patch to version 4.7.2, which addressed the problem.[142][143]
As of WordPress 6.0, the minimum PHP version requirement is PHP 5.6,[144] which was released on August 28, 2014,[145] and which has been unsupported by the PHP Group and not received any security patches since December 31, 2018.[145] Thus, WordPress recommends using PHP version 7.4 or greater.[144]
In the absence of specific alterations to their default formatting code, WordPress-based websites use the canvas element to detect whether the browser can correctly render emoji. Because Tor Browser does not currently discriminate between this legitimate use of the CanvasAPI and an effort to perform canvas fingerprinting, it warns that the website is attempting to 'extract HTML5 canvas image data. Ongoing efforts seek workarounds to reassure privacy advocates while retaining the ability to check for proper emoji rendering capability.[146]
Development and support
Key developers
Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little were co-founders of the project. The core lead developers include Helen Hou-Sandí, Dion Hulse, Mark Jaquith, Matt Mullenweg, Andrew Ozz, and Andrew Nacin.[147][148]
WordPress is also developed by its community, including WP tester, a group of volunteers who test each release. They have early access to nightly builds, beta versions, and release candidates. Errors are documented in a special mailing list or the project's Trac tool.
Though largely developed by the community surrounding it, WordPress is closely associated with Automattic, the company founded by Matt Mullenweg.[149]
WordPress Foundation
WordPress Foundation is a non-profit organization that was set up to support the WordPress project.[150][151][152] The purpose of the organization is to guarantee open access to WordPress's software projects forever.[150][151] As part of this, the organization owns and manages WordPress, WordCamp, and related trademarks.[150][10][153] In January 2010, Matt Mullenweg formed the organization[150] to own and manage the trademarks of WordPress project.[154][153] Previously – from 2006 onwards – Automattic acted as a short-term owner of the WordPress trademarks. From the beginning, he intended later to place the WordPress trademarks with the WordPress Foundation, which did not yet exist in 2006 and which eventually took longer to set up than expected.[154][155]
WordPress Photo Directory
On December 14, 2021, Matt Mullenweg announced the WordPress Photo Directory at the State of the Word 2021 event.[156] It is an open-source image directory for open images maintained by the WordPress project.[156] The image directory aims to provide an open alternative to closed image banks, such as Unsplash, Pixbaby, and Adobe Stock, whose licensing terms have become restrictive in recent years. Use in WordPress themes, for example, is restricted.[156][157] In January 2022, the project began to gather volunteers, and in February, its own developer website was launched, where team representatives were next selected.[158]
WordCamp developer and user conferences
WordCamps are casual, locally organized conferences covering everything related to WordPress.[159] The first such event was WordCamp 2006 in August 2006 in San Francisco, which lasted one day and had over 500 attendees.[160][161] The first WordCamp outside San Francisco was held in Beijing in September 2007.[162] Since then, there have been over 1,022 WordCamps in over 75 cities in 65 countries around the world.[159] WordCamp San Francisco 2014 was the last official annual conference of WordPress developers and users taking place in San Francisco, having now been replaced with WordCamp US.[163] First ran in 2013 as WordCamp Europe, regional WordCamps in other geographical regions are held to connect people who are not already active in their local communities and inspire attendees to start user communities in their hometowns.[164] In 2019, the Nordic region had its own WordCamp Nordic.[165][166] The first WordCamp Asia was to be held in 2020,[167] but cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[168]
Support
WordPress' primary support website is WordPress.org. This support website hosts both WordPress Codex, the online manual for WordPress and a living repository for WordPress information and documentation,[169]
and WordPress Forums, an active online community of WordPress users.[170]
Hosting
WordPress hosting services typically offer one-click WordPress installations, automated updates and backups, and security features to safeguard against common threats. Many also provide support and are configured for optimal performance with the CMS.
There are two primary types of WordPress hosting: shared WordPress hosting and managed WordPress hosting. Shared WordPress hosting is a budget-friendly option where multiple websites reside on a single server, sharing resources. Managed WordPress hosting includes comprehensive management of a WordPress site, including technical support, security, performance optimization, and often higher server resources, but comes at a higher price.
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^Silverman, Dwight (January 24, 2008). "The importance of being Matt". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
^Tremoulet, Christine Selleck (January 24, 2008). "The Importance of Being Matt…". Christine Selleck Tremoulet. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
^Manjoo, Farhad (August 9, 2004). "Blogging grows up". Salon. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
^Pilgrim, Mark (May 14, 2004). "Freedom 0". Mark Pilgrim. Archived from the original on April 10, 2006. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
^CVE-2015-2292"Cve - Cve-2015-2292". Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Retrieved on July 7, 2017
^Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVE-2015-2293"Cve - Cve-2015-2293". Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Retrieved on July 7, 2017
^"About WordPress". wordpress.org. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
^"Core Team". codex.wordpress.org. December 13, 2011. Archived from the original on September 1, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
^Leibowitz, Glenn (December 17, 2017). "The Billion-Dollar Tech Company With No Offices or Email". LinkedIn. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2017. I recently met with Matt Mullenweg, the creator of WordPress and CEO of Automattic, the company that develops WordPress and offers a range of products and services for WordPress users both large and small. Automattic is valued today at over $1 billion.
Saudi association football club Football clubAl-UlaFull nameAl-Ula Football ClubFounded1981; 42 years ago (1981)GroundPrince Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz Stadium, MedinaCapacity24,000OwnerRoyal Commission for Al-'UlaChairmanAmr Al-MadaniManagerDjamel BelkacemLeagueSaudi Third Division2022–23Saudi Third Division, Group A, 4th of 8WebsiteClub website Home colours Al-Ula Football Club is a football club based in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Founded in 1981, they are currently members of ...
Villota del Duque localidad Villota del DuqueUbicación de Villota del Duque en España. Villota del DuqueUbicación de Villota del Duque en la provincia de Palencia.País España• Com. autónoma Castilla y León• Provincia Palencia• Municipio Loma de UciezaUbicación 42°29′28″N 4°36′11″O / 42.491111111111, -4.6030555555556• Altitud 902 mPoblación 39 hab. (INE 2020)Código postal 34118[edit...
Takuro Fujii Takuro Fujii Natação Nascimento 21 de abril de 1985 (38 anos)Kawachinagano, Osaka Nacionalidade japonês(esa) Medalhas Jogos Olímpicos Prata Londres 2012 4×100 m medley Bronze Pequim 2008 4×100 m medley Campeonatos Mundiais Bronze Barcelona 2013 4×100 m medley Campeonato Pan-Pacífico Prata Irvine 2010 4×100 m medley Bronze Irvine 2010 100 m borboleta Jogos Asiáticos Bronze Cantão 2010 100 m livre Takuro Fujii (Kawachinagano, 21 de abril de 1985) é um nadador ...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) روجر مارتن (بالإنجليزية: Roger Martin) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 4 أغسطس 1956 (67 سنة) مواطنة كندا الحياة العملية المواضيع إدارة، وإدارة إستراتيجية، و
Hồng KôngHiệp hộiHiệp hội bóng đá Hồng KôngLiên đoàn châu lụcAFC (châu Á)Mã FIFAHKGXếp hạng FIFA102 (13 tháng 7 năm 2016 (2016-07-13)) [1] Sân nhà Sân khách Trận quốc tế đầu tiên Hồng Kông 0 - 6 Hoa Kỳ(Hồng Kông; 13 tháng 11 năm 1992)Chiến thắng đậm nhất Hồng Kông 14 - 2 Ma Cao(Kuantan; 20 tháng 4 năm 2006)Thất bại đậm nhất Hồng Kông 0 - 15 Iran(Ma Cao; 17 tháng 4 năm 2004)World ...
Жюль ГаагНародився 19 серпня 1882(1882-08-19)[1][2][3]Фліре[4]Помер 16 лютого 1953(1953-02-16)[2][3] (70 років)Безансон[4]Країна ФранціяДіяльність математик, horologist, педагогAlma mater Вища нормальна школа[5]Паризький університет[6]Заклад University of Clermont-Ferrand (18...
Ali ar-Ramitani Ali ar-Ramitani atau Azizan Ali ar-Ramitani Quddasallahu Sirruhu adalah seorang guru sufi yang terkenal sebagai salah satu Mursyid Thoriqoh Naqsyabandiyah. Beliau salah satu Khwajagan (Master) dari tatanan Naqsyabandi dan juga terkenal sebagai salah satu Wali 7 di Uzbekistan. Syekh Ali ar-Ramitani q.s yang lahir di daerah Ramitan di sekitar Bukhara. Azizan adalah gelar yang disematkan kepadanya. Karena keahliaannya dalam menenun, Syekh Ali Ramitani q.s sering dipanggil Syekh N...
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Up All Night The Chic Organization album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2013 compilation album by Nile Rodgers presents The Chic OrganizationUp All NightCompilation album by Nile Rodgers...
Consonant letter of the Korean Hangul alphabet nieunHangulKorean nameRevised RomanizationNieunMcCune–ReischauerNiŭn Nieun (sign: ㄴ; (Korean: 니은) is the second consonant of the Korean alphabet. The Unicode for ㄴ is U+3134. It makes an 'n' sound. The IPA pronunciation is [n].[1] Stroke order Stroke order in writing ㄴ Other communicative representations Type Letter Unicode HTML Compatibility Jamo ㄴ U+3134 ㄴ Hangul Jamo Area Initials ᄂᅠ U+1102 ...
Die Liste der Ministerien der Russischen Föderation listet die aktuellen Ministerien der russischen Regierung auf. (Stand: Mai 2021) Liste Amt/ Ministerium Foto Gründung Büro des Ministerpräsidenten (Weißes Haus Moskau) Ministerium für Landwirtschaft 1837 Ministerium für Digitalisierung, Kommunikation und Medien 2008 Ministerium für Bauwesen, Wohnen und Versorgung 2013 Ministerium für Kultur 2008 Ministerium für Verteidigung 1717 Ministerium für die Entwicklung des russischen Ferne...
Heritage railroad in Hawaii, U.S. Kauai Plantation RailwayA map of the railroadA train on the railway in 2015OverviewDates of operation2007–presentTechnicalTrack gauge3 ft (914 mm)Length2.5 miles (4 km)OtherWebsitewww.kilohanakauai.com/plantation-train The Kauai Plantation Railway is a heritage railroad on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. Built in 2006 and opened in January 2007, the railroad operates on a 2.5-mile (4 km) long track within the Kilohana Plantation and o...
Indian film actor (born 1981) Aniket VishwasraoAniket Vishwasrao at Marathi filmfare awardsBornAniket Vishwasrao (1981-05-07) 7 May 1981 (age 42)Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaNationalityIndianOccupationActorYears active2004–presentSpouse Sneha Chavan (m. 2018) Aniket Vishwasrao is an Indian actor. He is best known for his work in Marathi cinema. He made his screen debut in Sudhir Mishra's Chameli[1] and first appeared in Marathi cinema with Lapoo...
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) This list is of the Cultural Properties of Japan designated in the category of historical materials (歴史資料, rekishi shiryō) for the Prefecture of Saga.[1] National Cultural Properties As of 1 January 2015, one Important Cultural Property has been designated, being of national significance.[2][3][4] Property Da...
Ruler of Sardhana (c. 1753–1836) Begum SamruPortrait of Begum SamruBornFarzana Zeb-un-Nissac. 1753Kutana,[1] Meerut, IndiaDied27 January 1836 (aged 82–83)Sardhana, near Meerut, IndiaBurial placeBasilica of Our Lady of Graces, SardhanaOther namesJoanna Nobilis SombreOccupation(s)Nautch girlRuler of SardhanaSpouseWalter Reinhardt Sombre Joanna Nobilis Sombre (c. 1753– 27 January 1836), popularly known as Begum Samru (née Farzana Zeb un-Nissa),[2][3...
Indonesian art movement Taring Padi is a collective of underground artists in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The group was formed in 1998 during the general upheaval following the fall of Suharto.[1] Taring Padi are well known for the production of posters embedded with political and social justice messages, using the cukil (woodcut) technique onto paper or canvas. In addition to their print work, they also create murals, banners, puppetry, sculptures, street theater performances, punk rock a...
1983 studio album by Dean MartinThe Nashville SessionsStudio album by Dean MartinReleasedJune 15, 1983RecordedJanuary 17–21, 1983StudioMasterfonics, Nashville[1]GenreTraditional pop, country popLength28:30LabelWarner Bros. - WB-1-23870-1ProducerJimmy BowenDean Martin chronology Once in a While(1978) The Nashville Sessions(1983) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[2] The Nashville Sessions is a 1983 studio album by Dean Martin, produced by Jimmy Bowe...
English baron and newspaper proprietor Lieutenant Colonel The Right HonourableThe Lord Astor of HeverDLJohn Jacob Astor V, 1st Baron Astor of HeverMember of the House of LordsLord TemporalIn office21 March 1956 – 19 July 1971Hereditary PeeragePreceded byPeerage createdSucceeded byThe 2nd Lord Astor of HeverMember of Parliamentfor DoverIn office15 November 1922 – 15 June 1945Preceded bySir Thomas PolsonSucceeded byJohn Thomas Personal detailsBorn(1886-05-20)20 May 1886Man...
Haitian footballer (born 1993) Alex Junior Christian Christian with Haiti in 2017Personal informationFull name Alex Junior ChristianDate of birth (1993-12-05) 5 December 1993 (age 30)Place of birth Port-au-Prince, HaitiHeight 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)Position(s) Left-backTeam informationCurrent team AksuNumber 6Youth career Jacot Football PassionSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2012–2013 Violette 16 (0)2014 Ironbound Soul 12 (5)2014–2015 Vila Real 11 (3)2015–2017 Boavista...