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Hidrohloridne soli

U hemiji, hidrohloridne soli ili hidrohloridi su soli koji se dobijaju iz reakcija hidrohloridne kiseline sa organskim bazama (najčešće aminima). Također su poznate i kao murijati, izvedeno iz drugog imena za hlorovodoničnu kiselinu: murijatna kiselina.

Naprimjer, reakcija piridina (C5H5N) sa hlorovodoničnom kiselinom (HCl) daje piridin hidrohlorid (C5H5N·HCl). I pored toga što se ova vrsta prikazivanja formule često koristi za označavanje hidrihlorida, tačka često nepravilno implicira da su dvije molekule labavo spojeve jedna s drugom; naprotiv, ono što se dobije iz te reakcije je zapravo so C5H5NH+ Cl- ispravnog hemijskog naziva piridinij hlorid.

Hidrohloridne soli se obično nazivaju koristeći ime baze od koje su nastale, dodajući nastavak hidrohlorid ili HCl.

Upotreba

Pretvaranje netopivih amina u hidrohloride je uobičajen način da se oni učine rastvorljivim u vodi i kiselinama. To je naročito znajačno za spojeve koje se koriste u proizvodnji lijekova. Mnogi farmaceutski preparati se proizvode u vidu hidrohlorida što im daje mogućnost da se lahko i brzo oslobode u probavnom sistemu; tijelo najčešće absorbira hidrohloride u periodu od 15 do 30 minuta.

Reference

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