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Bomba Mark 84

Infotaula d'armaBomba Mark 84
TipusMark 80 (en) Tradueix Modifica el valor a Wikidata
País d'origenEstats Units d'Amèrica Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Història de producció
DissenyadorTexas Instruments i Boeing Modifica el valor a Wikidata
FabricantGeneral Dynamics Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Especificacions
Pes908 kg Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Longitud3.300 mm Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Diàmetre457 mm Modifica el valor a Wikidata

La Bomba Mark 84 o BLU-117[1] és una Bomba americana d'ús general de 900 kg. És la més gran de la sèrie de bombes Mark 80. Entrada en servei durant la guerra del Vietnam, es va convertir en una bomba pesada no guiada dels Estats Units d'ús habitual. En aquell moment, era la tercera bomba més gran en pes de l'inventari nord-americà darrere de BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" de 6.800 kg i Bomba "demolició" M118 de 1400 kg. Actualment és el sisena en mida darrera la bomba GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB),[2] entre altres.

Desenvolupament i ús

Un tècnic d'artilleria de l'aviació manejant el cos d'una bomba Mark 84 "protegit tèrmicament" (aïllat per retardar el temps de cocció en cas d'incendi) a bord de l' USS George Washington
Els mariners treuen la fona d'elevació d'una caixa que conté un parell de bombes Mark 84. Les aletes de cua i les espoletes encara no s'han instal·lat

La Mark 84 té un pes nominal de 2,000 lb (907 kg), però el seu pes real varia en funció de la seva aleta, les opcions de la espoleta i la configuració de retard, d' 1,972 a 2,083 lb (894 a 945 kg). És una carcassa d'acer aerodinàmica plena de 945 lb (429 kg) d'explosiu tritonal alt.[3]

Ès capaç de formar un cràter 50 peus (15 m) d'ample i 36 ft (11 m) de fondària. Pot penetrar fins 15 polzades (38 cm) de metall o 11 ft (3.4 m) de formigó, depenent de l'alçada des de la qual es deixa caure, i provoca una fragmentació letal en un radi de 400 iardes (370 m).[4]

Moltes Mark 84 s'han equipat amb dispositius d'estabilització i retard per proporcionar capacitats de guia de precisió. Serveixen com a cap d'ogiva d'una varietat de municions guiades amb precisió, incloent les bombes guiades per làser GBU-10 / GBU-24 / GBU-27 Paveway, la bomba electro-òptica GBU-15, la GBU-31 JDAM i les mines marítimes Quickstrike.[5] El kit d'orientació turc HGK s'utilitza per convertir bombes Mark 84 de 2000 lliures en bombes intel·ligents guiades per GPS/INS.[6]

Segons un informe de prova realitzat per la Junta de Revisió de Seguretat d'Explosius del Sistema d'Armes de la Marina dels Estats Units (WSESRB) establert arran de l' incendi de l'USS <i id="mwUg">Forrestal</i> de 1967, el temps de cocció d'una Mk 84 és d'aproximadament 8 minuts 40 segons.

Desplegament en guerres

Mk 84 explotant al Vietnam del Nord, 1972

Les MK 84 van ser utilitzades per les forces nord-americanes a la guerra del Vietnam, la guerra de l'Iraq, la guerra de l'Afganistan, el bombardeig de Iugoslàvia el 1999[7] i a la guerra de Gaza del 2014, per part d'Israel.[8]

Segons una investigació forense de Human Rights Watch, les bombes MK 84 també es van emprar en la intervenció dirigida per l'Aràbia Saudita a la guerra civil iemenita.[9]

El 2023 i el 2024, les bombes Mark 84 s'estan utilitzant àmpliament en la guerra entre Israel i Hamàs.[10][11]

Variants

  • Bomba BLU-109
  • Bomba BLU-116
  • Bomba Mark 81
  • Bomba Mark 82
  • Bomba Mark 83

Referències

  1. ↑ «Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Estimate Procurement of Ammunition». US Air Force. Arxivat de l'original el 20 April 2012. [Consulta: 29 desembre 2011].
  2. ↑ «GBU-43/B "Mother Of All Bombs" MOAB - Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb». GlobalSecurity.org. [Consulta: 13 abril 2017].
  3. ↑ «Mk84 General Purpose Bomb». Federation of American Scientists, 23-04-2000. Arxivat de l'original el 6 November 2010. [Consulta: 1r setembre 2010].
  4. ↑ Don, Holloway Aviation History [Harrisburg, Pennsylvania], 3-1996. ISSN: 1076-8858.
  5. ↑ «Mk 65 Quick Strike Mine». Federation of American Scientists, 08-12-1998. Arxivat de l'original el 18 September 2010. [Consulta: 1r setembre 2010].
  6. ↑ «Precision Guidance Kit (HGK)». TÜBİTAK-SAGE, 2013. Arxivat de l'original el 22 February 2016. [Consulta: 28 febrer 2016].
  7. ↑ https://www.blic.rs/vesti/hronika/u-toku-zavrsne-pripreme-za-uklanjanje-bombe-sa-gradilista-u-nisu/swh82m3
  8. ↑ «Faulty, indiscriminate, lethal: Israel opts for Vietnam-era bombs in Gaza». www.middleeasteye.net, 17-08-2021. [Consulta: 30 març 2024].
  9. ↑ «Yemen: US Bombs Used in Deadliest Market Strike». www.hrw.org, 07-04-2016. [Consulta: 30 març 2024].
  10. ↑ «US has agreed to send more bombs and warplanes to Israel, sources say». www.reuters.com, 29-03-2024. [Consulta: 30 març 2024].
  11. ↑ «Visual Evidence Shows Israel Dropped 2,000-Pound Bombs Where It Ordered Gaza’s Civilians to Move for Safety». www.nytimes.com, 21-12-2023. [Consulta: 30 març 2024].

Enllaços externs

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