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Noah Webster

Plantilla:Infotaula personaNoah Webster

A la National Portrait Gallery de Washington, D.C. (1833) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Biografia
Naixement16 octubre 1758 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
West Hartford (Connecticut) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Mort28 maig 1843 Modifica el valor a Wikidata (84 anys)
New Haven (Connecticut) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
SepulturaCementiri de Grove Street Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Membre de la Cambra de Representants de Connecticut
Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Dades personals
ResidènciaHartford Modifica el valor a Wikidata
ReligióEsglésia congregacional Modifica el valor a Wikidata
FormacióYale College
Universitat Yale Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Activitat
Camp de treballLexicografia i lingüística Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Ocupaciólexicògraf, polític, periodista, lingüista, escriptor Modifica el valor a Wikidata
PartitPartit Federalista Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Membre de
Obra
Localització dels arxius
Família
CònjugeRebecca Greenleaf Webster Modifica el valor a Wikidata
FillsHenry Bradford Greenleaf Webster, Emily Webster Ellsworth, Julia Webster Goodrich, Harriet Webster, Mary Webster, William Greenleaf Webster, Eliza Steele Greenleaf Webster, Louisa Greenleaf Webster Modifica el valor a Wikidata
ParesNoah Webster Modifica el valor a Wikidata  i Mercy Steele Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Premis
Signatura Modifica el valor a Wikidata


Goodreads author: 90942 Find a Grave: 1084 Project Gutenberg: 139 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Noah Webster pintat per Samuel F. B. Morse

Noah Webster, Jr. (16 d'octubre de 1758 - 28 de maig de 1843), va ser un pioner lexicògraf dels Estats Units i reformador de l'ortografia de l'anglès. El seu nom va esdevenir al seu país sinònim de "dictionary," (diccionari) especialment en el modern diccionari Merriam-Webster que va ser publicat per primera vegada l'any 1828 amb el títol: An American Dictionary of the English Language.

Biografia

Webster nasqué a West Hartford, Connecticut, d'una família Yankee ben establerta. El seu pare, Noah Sr. (1722–1813), era descendent del Governador de Connecticut John Webster; la seva mare Mercy (amb el nom de soltera Steele; 1727–1794) era descendent del Governador William Bradford de la Colònia de Plymouth.

Quan tenia 14 anys Noah Webster va començar a rebre classes de llatí i grec per a preparar-lo per ingressar al Yale College, precedent de l'actual Universitat Yale, on entrà als 16 anys i es graduà el 1778.[1]

El 1785, va escriure el seu primer llibre de gramàtica, anomenat Speller, per a les escoles elementals.[2] Les vendes d'aquesta obra li van permetre iniciar el treball en el seu famós diccionari, activitat que va durar molts anys.[3]

Diccionari

El 1806, Webster publicà el seu primer diccionari, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. El 1807 Webster començà a compilar un diccionari exhaustiu, An American Dictionary of the English Language; va trigar 18 anys a completar-ho. Va tractar de donar les etimologies basant-se en 26 idiomes incloent l'anglès antic (anglosaxó) i el sànscrit. Marcà diferències entre la pronúncia i significat d'algunes paraules entre l'anglès britànic i l'anglès dels Estats Units.[4]

El seu diccionari contenia 70.000 paraules, de les quals unes 12000 mai havien aparegut abans en un diccionari. Per simplificar l'ortografia respecte a l'anglès britànic substituí el "colour" per "color", "wagon" per "waggon", i "center" en lloc de "centre". També afegí paraules de l'anglès americà com "skunk" i "squash", les quals no apareixien en els diccionaris britànics. Webster publicà el seu diccionari el 1828.[5]

Notes

  1. Kendall, pp. 29-30.
  2. Kendall, pp. 69-71.
  3. Kendall, pp. 71-74.
  4. Pearson, Ellen Holmes. "The Standardization of American English, Arxivat 2014-04-28 a Wayback Machine." Teachinghistory.org Arxivat 2011-07-11 a Wayback Machine., accessed 21 March 2012
  5. Wright, Russell O. Chronology of education in the United States. McFarland, 2006, p. 44. ISBN 978-0-7864-2502-0 [Consulta: 13 abril 2012]. 

Referències

  • "Noah Webster" in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). vol 18 section 25:33 online edition
  • Bynack, Vincent P. "Noah Webster and the Idea of a National Culture: the Pathologies of Epistemology." Journal of the History of Ideas 1984 45(1): 99-114. Issn: 0022-5037 in Jstor
  • Ellis, Joseph J. After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture 1979. chapter 6, interpretive essay online edition Arxivat 2008-03-31 a Wayback Machine.
  • Gallardo, Andres. "The Standardization of American English." PhD dissertation State U. of New York, Buffalo 1980. 367 pp. DAI 1981 41(8): 3557-A. 8104193, focused on Webster's dictionary
  • Kendall, Joshua. The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture (2011)
  • Leavitt, Robert Keith. Noah's Ark New England Yankees and the Endless Quest: a Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, With Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years (1947). 106pp
  • Lepore, Jill. "Noah's Mark: Webster and the original dictionary wars." The New Yorker, (November 6, 2006). 78-87. online edition
  • Malone, Kemp. "Webster, Noah," Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 10 (1936)
  • Micklethwait, David. Noah Webster and the American Dictionary (2005)
  • Morgan, John S. Noah Webster (1975), popular biography
  • Moss, Richard J. Noah Webster. (1984). 131 pp. Wester as author
  • Nelson, C. Louise. "Neglect of Economic Education in Webster's 'Blue-Backed Speller'" American Economist, Vol. 39, 1995 online edition Arxivat 2008-01-29 a Wayback Machine.
  • Pelanda, Brian. Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., Vol. 58, p. 431, 2011.
  • Proudfit, Isabel. Noah Webster Father of the Dictionary (1966).
  • Rollins, Richard. The Long Journey of Noah Webster (1980) (ISBN 0-8122-7778-3)
  • Rollins, Richard M. "Words as Social Control: Noah Webster and the Creation of the American Dictionary." American Quarterly 1976 28(4): 415-430. Issn: 0003-0678 in Jstor
  • Scudder, Horace E. Noah Webster. Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press, 1881.  (from the series American Men of Letters. New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company)
  • Snyder, K. Alan. Defining Noah Webster: Mind and Morals in the Early Republic. (1990). 421 pp.
  • Southard, Bruce. "Noah Webster: America's Forgotten Linguist." American Speech 1979 54(1): 12-22. Issn: 0003-1283 in Jstor
  • Unger, Harlow Giles. Noah Webster: The Life and Times of an American Patriot (1998), scholarly biography
  • Warfel, Harry R. Noah Webster: Schoolmaster to America (1936), a standard biography

Fonts

  • Harry R. Warfel, ed., Letters of Noah Webster (1953),
  • Homer D. Babbidge, Jr., ed., Noah Webster: On Being American (1967), selections from his writings
  • Webster, Noah. The American Spelling Book: Containing the Rudiments of the English Language for the Use of Schools in the United States by Noah Webster 1836 edition online, the famous Blue- Backed Speller
  • Webster, Noah. An American dictionary of the English language 1848 edition online
  • Webster, Noah. A grammatical institute of the English language 1800 edition online
  • Webster, Noah. Miscellaneous papers on political and commercial subjects 1802 edition online mostly about banks
  • Webster, Noah. A collection of essays and fugitiv writings: on moral, historical, political and literary subjects 1790 edition online 414 pages

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