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Problém měnitelné plošné jednotky

Problém měnitelné plošné jednotky (MAUP) je zdrojem statistických tendencí, které mohou významně ovlivnit výsledky testování statistických hypotéz. Výsledky jsou ovlivněny v případě, kdy jsou bodově založená měření prostorových jevů (např. hustota obyvatel) shluhovány do okresů. Výsledné souhrnné hodnoty (např. součty, míry, poměry) jsou ovlivněny výběrem hranic okresů. Například data ze sčítání lidu mohou být shrnuta do výčtu okresů pro sčítání obyvatel, oblastí dle poštovních směrovacích čísel, policejních okrsků nebo jakýchkoliv jiných prostorových dělení („plošné jednotky“ jsou tedy „měnitelné“).

Tento problém byl objeven v roce 1934[1] a následně detailně popsán Stanem Openshawem, který poukazoval na fakt, že „plošné jednotky (zonální objekty), používané v mnoha geografických studiích, jsou náhodné, měnitelné a jsou předmětem rozmaru a představ osoby, která shrnutí provedla.“[2]

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Modifiable areal unit problem na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Gehlke & Biehl 1934
  2. ↑ Openshaw 1983, s. 3

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Obecná témata

Specifické aplikace

Externí odkazy

  • GEHLKE, C. E.; BIEHL, Katherine. Certain effects of grouping upon the size of the correlation coefficient in census tract material. Journal of the American Statistical Association. March 1934, s. 169–170. DOI 10.2307/2277827. 
  • OPENSHAW, Stan. The modifiable areal unit problem. Norwick: Geo Books, 1983. ISBN 0860941345. OCLC 12052482 
  • CRESSIE, Noel A, 1996. Change of support and the modifiable areal unit problem. Geographical Systems. S. 159–180. 
  • HOLT, David; STEEL, David; TRANMER, Mark; WRIGLEY, Neil. Aggregation and ecological effects in geographically based data. Geographical Analysis. July 1996, s. 244–261. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1996.tb00933.x. 
  • KWAN, Mei-Po, 2012. The uncertain geographic context problem. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. S. 958–968. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349. 
  • UNWIN, David J, December 1996. GIS, spatial analysis and spatial statistics. Progress in Human Geography. S. 540–551. DOI 10.1177/030913259602000408. 
  • WONG, David, 2009. The SAGE handbook of spatial analysis. Redakce Fotheringham A Stewart. [s.l.]: [s.n.]. ISBN 9781412910828. OCLC 85898184 Kapitola The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), s. 105–124. 
  • WRIGLEY, Neil, 1995. Diffusing geography: essays for Peter Haggett. Redakce Cliff Andrew D. [s.l.]: [s.n.]. (The Institute of British Geographers special publications series; sv. 31). ISBN 0631195343. OCLC 30895028 Kapitola Revisiting the modifiable areal unit problem and the ecological fallacy, s. 123–181. 

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