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Pístový motor

Průřez dvoudobým, přeplňovaným, zážehovým motorem typu boxer s protiběžnými písty a společným spalovacím prostorem

Pístový motor je typ motoru, přeměňující tlakovou energii a/nebo tepelnou energii pracovní tekutiny na mechanickou energii. Základní pohyblivou součástkou těchto strojů je píst. Pohyb pístu vyvolává expanze plynné náplně nebo přítok náplně (kapalné nebo plynné).

Rozdělení pístových motorů

Podle hlavního pracovního pohybu a směru působení pracovního média na píst:

  • s rotačním pístem, např. Wankelův motor,
  • s přímočarým vratným pohybem:
    • jednočinné – pracovní médium působí jen na jednu stranu pístu, požadovaná práce stroje se vykonává jen při jednom směru pohybu (typické pro zážehový motor),
    • dvojčinné – pracovní médium působí z obou stran pístu, požadovaná práce se vykonává při obou směrech pohybu (typické pro parní stroj použitý k pohonu vozidla).

Podle typu vstupní energie na:

  • spalovací - využívá se tepelná a tlaková energie spalin,
  • plynové – využívá se tepelná a tlaková energie pracovního plynu,
  • hydraulické – využívá se tlaková energie pracovní kapaliny,
  • pneumatické – využívá se tlaková energie pracovního plynu.

Externí odkazy

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