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WTO

WTO's medlemslande og observatører.      Medlemmer      Medlemmer, også repræsenteret af EU      Observatører      Ikke-medlemmer

WTO (engelsk: World Trade Organisation, dansk: Verdenshandelsorganisation) er en international organisation, der regulerer den internationale handel ved at opretholde et forum for forhandlinger om handelsaftaler og afgørelser om handelsstridigheder.

Organisationen blev stiftet i 1995, hvor den efterfulgte den hidtidige organisation GATT ("General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade"), der blev oprettet i 1948. WTO har sit hovedsæde i den schweiziske by Geneve. Man opererede i 2018 med et budget på 197 millioner schweizerfranc. Pr. 2024 er der 166 lande, der tilsammen stod for 98 % af verdenshandelen, medlemmer af WTO.[1]

Såvel GATT som WTO har stået som eksponenter for efterkrigstidens internationale trend i retning af større frihandel.

Medlemsland

Organisationen havde 76 medlemslande ved stiftelsen, mens de 90 øvrige medlemmer er optaget senere, så der pr. 2024 er 166 medlemslande.

Ikke-medlemslande, som har observatørstatus

Mange af disse lande søger om medlemskab.

Iran søgte første gang om WTO-medlemskab i 1996, men USA, som har beskyldt Teheran for at støtte international terrorisme, har blokeret for ansøgningen hele 22 gange. Rusland, som søgte om medlemskab i 1993, blev ikke godkendt som medlem før december 2011. Dengang blev også Montenegro, Samoa og Vanuatu optaget.

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