The distinct cabaret atmosphere was sketched by Otto Julius Bierbaum in his 1897 novel Stilpe, which inspired Wolzogen in the foundation of the Überbrettl. He chose the initial name both to parody Friedrich Nietzsche's Übermensch concept and to contrast the widespread Brettl (i.e. "(stage-)board") variety shows without further artistic ambitions.
The venue opened in a former theatre on 18 January 1901 on Alexanderstraße No. 40, vis-à-vis the Alexanderplatz police headquarters. Victor Hollaender, the father of Friedrich Hollaender, served as musical director, temporarily superseded by Arnold Schoenberg, with Oscar Straus as chief composer. Performances included parodies written by Christian Morgenstern and the one-act play Episode by Arthur Schnitzler. They soon became very popular entailing the establishment of numerous Kabarett venues all over Berlin.
However, economical difficulties arose in the same year, when Wolzogen established another venue, the Buntes Theater ("colourful theatre"), in the Kreuzberg quarter. The great hall was lavishly decorated in an Art Nouveau style by August Endell, nevertheless the extensive costs combined with the remote location turned out to be fatal. In 1902 Wolzogen retired and the stage performances concentrated on trivial comedies. From 1909 onwards, the rooms were used by the Freie Volksbühne theatre company.
It retained the intimate atmosphere, entertainment platform, and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour. By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for the middle-class man, as well as biting political and social satire. It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements. [...] They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government.
