1758 in science

	… 1748; 1749; 1750; 1751; 1752; 1753; 1754; ; 1755; 1756; 1757; 1758; 1759; 1760; 1761; ; 1762; 1763; 1764; 1765; 1766; 1767; 1768 …;
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The year 1758 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

John Champion patents a process for calcining zinc sulphide into an oxide usable in the retort process.^[1]

Ruđer Bošković publishes his atomic theory in Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium ("Theory of natural philosophy reduced to one law of the forces existing in nature").^[4]
John Dolland presents his "Account of some experiments concerning the different refrangibility of light" (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London)) describing the discovery of a means of constructing doublet achromatic lenses by the combination of crown and flint glasses, reducing chromatic aberration.^[5]

January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (Animalia) of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the starting point of modern zoological nomenclature, introducing binomial nomenclature for animals to his established system of Linnaean taxonomy.^[6] Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the lamprey with the name Petromyzon marinus.^[7] He introduces the term Homo sapiens. (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.)^[8]

^ Lehto, R. S. (1968). "Zinc". In Hampel, Clifford A. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold. p. 822. ISBN 0-442-15598-0.
^ Waterston, Charles D.; Macmillan Shearer, A. (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index (PDF). Vol. I. Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
^ Enders, J. F. (December 1961 – February 1962). "Vaccination against measles: Francis Home redivivus". Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 34: 239–60.
^ Rowlinson, J. S. (2002). Cohesion: a scientific history of intermolecular forces. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-521-81008-6.
^ Watson, Fred (2007). Stargazer: the life and times of the telescope. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 140–55. ISBN 978-1-74175-383-7.
^ Eldredge, Niles (2002). Life on Earth: A-G. ABC-CLIO. pp. 477–478.
^ Jordan, David Starr (1911-03-10). "The Use of Numerals for Specific Names in Systematic Zoology". Science: 372.
^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). "Article 3". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). ISBN 0-85301-006-4.
^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.