1921 in the United Kingdom
UK-related events during the year of 1921
Events from the year 1921 in the United Kingdom .
Incumbents
Events
January to June
1 January – Car tax discs introduced.[ 1]
8 January – Chequers becomes the official country residence of the Prime Minister .[ 1]
14 January – Unemployment stands at 927,000.
17 January – The first recorded public performance of the illusion of "sawing a woman in half " is given by stage magician P. T. Selbit at the Finsbury Park Empire variety theatre in London.[ 2]
20 January – Royal Navy K-class submarine HMS K5 sinks in the English Channel with the loss of all 57 crew on board.
26 January – Abermule train collision : seventeen people are killed when two passenger trains collide head-on in Montgomeryshire .
January – Lord Rothermere 's Sunday Pictorial Anti-Waste League as a political party opposing excessive government expenditure.[ 3]
12 February – Winston Churchill is appointed as Colonial Secretary .
16 February – Unemployment now stands at over 1,000,000. The Government announces an increase in unemployment benefit .
21 February – Conference of London of 1921–1922 convenes in an attempt to resolve problems arising from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire .
1 March – The Australia national cricket team , led by Warwick Armstrong , becomes the first to complete a whitewash of the touring England team in The Ashes , something that will not be repeated for 86 years. This summer, the Australian cricket team in England will go on to win their first three Test matches.
5 March – Irish War of Independence : Clonbanin Ambush – Irish Republican Army kills Brigadier General Cumming .
11 March – Queen Mary becomes the first woman to be awarded an honorary degree by the University of Oxford .
16 March – The United Kingdom signs a trade agreement with the Russian SFSR .
17 March
19 March – Irish War of Independence: Crossbarry Ambush – British troops fail to encircle an outnumbered column of Irish Republican Army volunteers in County Cork , with at least ten British and three IRA deaths.
21 March
26 March – Shaun Spadah wins the Grand National , ridden by Dick Rees .
31 March – The government formally returns the coal mines from wartime control to their private owners, who demand wage cuts; in response, the Miners' Federation of Great Britain calls on its partner trade unions in the Triple Alliance to join it in strike action ,[ 4] state of emergency for the first time under the Emergency Powers Act 1920 .
1 April
3 April – Coal rationing begins.
13 April – Lloyds Bank takes over Fox, Fowler and Company of Wellington, Somerset , the last provincial English bank to issue its own banknotes .
15 April
23 April – Tottenham Hotspur F.C. beat Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 in the FA Cup Final.
26 April – Police patrol London on motorcycles for the first time.
3 May – The province of Northern Ireland is created within the United Kingdom under terms of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 .[ 9] [ 10]
4 May – The IRA kill a former Royal Irish Constabulary inspector in Glasgow .
5 May
7 May – Crown Prince Hirohito of Japan arrives on an official visit.
15 May – The British Legion is founded as a voice for ex-servicemen by merger of the Comrades of the Great War , the National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers , the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers and the Officers' Association, under the Presidency of Earl Haig .[ 12]
22 May – The United States beats the United Kingdom 9 rounds to 3 in the first golf international between the two countries.
24 May – Irish elections , under terms of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 : In the Northern Ireland general election for the new Parliament of Northern Ireland (held by single transferable vote ), Ulster Unionists win 40 out of 52 seats. The dominant-party system in Northern Ireland will last for fifty years.
25 May – Irish War of Independence: the Irish Republican Army occupies and burns The Custom House in Dublin , the centre of local government in Ireland. Five IRA men are killed, and over eighty are captured by the British Army which surrounds the building.[ 13]
1 June – Humorist wins The Derby . For the first time the result is broadcast live by wireless .
6 June – King George V opens Southwark Bridge in London.
7 June
10 June – Unemployment reaches 2,200,000.
12 June – Sunday postal collection and delivery is suspended.[ 1]
14 June – First performance of the orchestral version of Vaughan Williams 's The Lark Ascending Adrian Boult with Marie Hall as violin soloist in a concert at the Queen's Hall in London.
15 June – 2,000,000 workers are currently involved in pay disputes.
19 June – 1921 United Kingdom census (excluding Ireland), the first to ask about work. A surplus of 1.7M women over men is recorded, largely a result of World War I casualties .[ 14]
22 June – New Parliament of Northern Ireland , assembled at Belfast City Hall , is formally opened by King George V , making a speech (drafted by Jan Smuts ) calling for reconciliation in Ireland.
24 June – The world's largest airship , the R.38 Bedford .
25 June – Rainfall ends a drought which has lasted for one hundred days.
28 June – The coal strike ends with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain obliged to accept pay cuts and no national bargaining.[ 5]
July to December
2 July – Bill Tilden and Suzanne Lenglen retain their Wimbledon titles.
7 July – General Jan Smuts meets King George V to discuss the Irish situation.
9 July – The Irish War of Independence comes officially to an end when a truce, coming into effect at noon on 11 July, is agreed between British and Irish forces.
10/11 July – Heatwave with temperatures in the 90s in some parts of South-East England.[ 15]
10 July – Bloody Sunday : clashes between Catholics and Protestants in Belfast result in sixteen deaths (23 over the surrounding four-day period) and the destruction of over two hundred (mostly Catholic) homes.[ 16]
12 July – Sinn Féin representatives arrive in London for talks.
18 July – Ulster Unionist negotiators walk out of the truce talks in London.
28 July – First registration of practitioners of dentistry under the Dentists Act, making it a fully regulated profession.[ 17]
3 August – "Geddes Axe ": announcement that the Prime Minister is appointing an advisory Committee on National Expenditure, made up of businessmen chaired by Sir Eric Geddes , to recommend reductions in government spending.[ 18]
19 August – Unemployment falls to 1,640,600.
24 August – Airship R.38 Kingston upon Hull , killing 44 of the 49 Anglo-American crew on board.[ 19] [ 20]
27 August – The first games in the new Football League Third Division North are played, a year after the southern section was formed.[ 21] Stockport County , Walsall , Rochdale , Chesterfield and Tranmere Rovers .[ 22]
30 August – England defeat Australia, for the first time this year, in the final Test match .
1 September – Poplar Rates Rebellion : led by George Lansbury , the Borough council in Poplar, London withholds collection of part of its rates , leading to six weeks' imprisonment for thirty councillors (including six women) and hasty passage of The London Authorities (Financial Provision) Act through Parliament to equalise tax burdens between rich and poor boroughs.[ 23] [ 24]
7 September – David Lloyd George summons a meeting of the Cabinet at Inverness to discuss an independent Ireland's relationship with the British Empire .
9 September – Charlie Chaplin visits London and is met by thousands.
17 September – Shackleton–Rowett Expedition : Ernest Shackleton sets sail on his last expedition to Antarctica.[ 25]
23 September – The second female MP enters Parliament (Margaret Wintringham , in succession to her late husband at the Louth by-election ).
October – The first women are admitted to study for full academic degrees at the University of Cambridge , but have no associated privileges.[ 26]
8 October – The steamer SS Rowan
11 October – The Irish Treaty Conference opens in London.[ 27]
11 November – The British Legion holds the first official Poppy Day .[ 1]
21 November – Troops are sent to restore order after rioting breaks out in East Belfast .
22 November – At least ten people are killed in widespread shootings in Belfast.
30 November – Sir Basil Thomson retires after forty years as the head of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch .
6 December – British and Irish negotiators sign the Anglo-Irish Treaty in London giving independence to the Irish Free State .
9 December – John William Gott becomes the last person in England imprisoned for blasphemous libel .
10 December – Frederick Soddy wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes".[ 28]
13 December – In the Four-Power Treaty on Insular Possessions, the Empire of Japan , United Kingdom, United States and French Third Republic agree to recognize the status quo in the Pacific.
16 December – Parliament ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
Undated
The Scottish county of Haddingtonshire is renamed East Lothian .
Wicksteed Park in Kettering opens as the first inland amusement park in England.An exceptionally dry year over England and Wales with only 629.0 millimetres (24.8 in) making it the driest year on record since 1788, and not approached subsequently.[ 29] South East England the average is only 396.4 millimetres (15.6 in)[ 30] [ 31]
Publications
Births
1 January
2 January
4 January
8 January – John Lambert , diplomat (died 2015)
9 January
10 January
11 January – Kathleen Byron , actress (died 2009)
12 January – Jim Mortimer , trade unionist (died 2013)
14 January – Kenneth Bulmer , author (died 2005)
15 January
16 January
18 January
20 January
21 January – Charles Eric Maine , writer (died 1981)
22 January
23 January – Mary Wixey , track and field athlete (died 2017)
24 January – Charles Jacob , stockbroker (died 2015)
25 January
26 January – Elisabeth Kirkby , English-born Australian actress, writer and politician
27 January – Maurice Macmillan , politician (died 1984)
31 January
1 February
3 February – George E. Felton , French-born computer scientist (died 2019)
4 February
5 February
6 February – Margaret Moncrieff , cellist (died 2008)
7 February
9 February – Leslie Collier , virologist (died 2011)
14 February – Graham Leggett , RAF squadron leader (died 2013)
16 February
17 February – John Hasted , physicist and musician (died 2002)
20 February – Alex Thomson , Scottish rugby union player (died 2010)
21 February – Morris Beckman , writer and anti-fascist activist (died 2015)
22 February – David Greene , actor and film director (died 2003)
24 February – Pat Kirkwood , actress (died 2007)
26 February – Frank Caldwell , army general (died 2014)
28 February – J. F. C. Harrison , historian (died 2018)
1 March
2 March
4 March
7 March – Eleanor Summerfield , actress (died 2001)
10 March
11 March – Philip Rahtz , archaeologist (died 2011)
12 March – Joe Fagan , footballer and manager (died 2001)
13 March
15 March
16 March – Eileen Nearne , agent (died 2010)
18 March – Arthur Keily , marathon runner (died 2016)
19 March
21 March – Antony Hopkins , composer, conductor and pianist (died 2014)
22 March – Tim Vigors , World War II fighter pilot (died 2003)
23 March
25 March
26 March – Julie Harris , costume designer (died 2015)
27 March
28 March – Dirk Bogarde , actor and author (died 1999)
29 March
30 March
31 March
1 April
5 April
6 April – Philip Moore, Baron Moore of Wolvercote , private secretary to Queen Elizabeth II (died 2009)
9 April – George Bryan , businessman (died 2013)
10 April
13 April – Joan Rhodes , actress and entertainer (died 2010)
15 April – Charlie Kelsall , Welsh footballer (died 2019)
16 April – Peter Ustinov , actor, writer, dramatist and raconteur (died 2004)
17 April – Jack Watson , cricketer (died 2012)
20 April – Peter Baker , English soldier, author, publisher and politician (died 1966)
21 April – Joe Mence , cricketer (died 2014)
23 April
25 April
27 April – John Stott , British Anglican cleric, Christian author (died 2011 )
30 April – Gordon Mulholland , actor (died 2010)
1 May – Michael Willoughby, 12th Baron Middleton , peer and politician (died 2011)
3 May
4 May
5 May
6 May – Elizabeth Sellars , Scottish actress (died 2019)
7 May – Asa Briggs , historian (died 2016)
8 May – Graham Leonard , bishop (died 2010)
9 May – Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden , artist, noblewoman and socialite (died 2004)
11 May – Geoffrey Crossley , race car driver (died 2002)
13 May – Bill Jones , footballer (died 2010)
15 May – Alan Huggins , judge (died 2009)
17 May
18 May
19 May
21 May
22 May – John Francis Marchment Middleton , anthropologist (died 2009)
23 May
26 May – Stan Mortensen , English footballer (died 1991)[ 38]
27 May – Bob Godfrey , animator (died 2013)
31 May – Edna Doré , actress (died 2014)
3 June – John Fage , historian (died 2002)
5 June
8 June
10 June – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , Greek-born royal and consort of the British monarch (died 2021)
11 June – Rodney Hill , mathematician (died 2011)
12 June – Christopher Derrick , writer (died 2007)
14 June – Leslie Gooday , architect (died 2013)
22 June – Roland Gibbs , head of the British Army, from 1976 to 1979 (died 2004)[ 39]
23 June – Edward Sismore , RAF officer (died 2012)
25 June – Dennis Wilson , poet (died 2022)
27 June
29 June
3 July – R. E. G. Davies , aviation historian (died 2011)
4 July – Frederick Sydney Waller, shipbuilder (died 2016)
7 July – Joe Wade , English footballer and manager (died 2005)
8 July – Derek Rawcliffe , Anglican prelate (died 2011)
11 July – Gretel Beer , Austrian-born cookery and travel writer (died 2010)
13 July – Gerard Mansfield , admiral (died 2006)
14 July – Leon Garfield , children's historical novelist (died 1996)[ 41]
15 July – Jean Heywood , actress[ 42]
18 July – Peter Austin , brewer (died 2014)
19 July – Diana Elles, Baroness Elles , British barrister, United Nations representative from the United Kingdom (died 2009)
20 July – Bob Block , comedy writer (died 2011)
21 July – Felix Hope-Nicholson , aristocrat and genealogist (died 1990)
23 July
26 July – John S. R. Duncan , diplomat (died 2006)
29 July
30 July – Diana Boddington , stage manager (died 2002)
31 July – Peter Benenson , lawyer and human rights campaigner (died 2005)
1 August
4 August – Geoffrey Wellum , fighter pilot and author (died 2018)
5 August – Christopher Ewart-Biggs , ambassador and diplomat (died 1976)
6 August – Ronald Grierson , German-born banker and businessman (died 2014)
8 August
9 August – Patricia Marmont , actress (died 2020)
10 August – Jack Archer , athlete (died 1997)
11 August – Tom Kilburn , co-inventor of the Williams-Kilburn tube , used for memory in early computer systems (died 1971)
12 August – Patrick Howard-Dobson , army general (died 2009)
13 August - Mary Lee , singer (died 2022)
15 August – Patrick Nairne , civil servant (died 2013)
17 August – Elinor Lyon , children's writer (died 2008)
18 August
20 August – Edward Williams , composer (died 2013)
22 August
24 August
26 August – Alan Townsend , cricketer (died 2014)
27 August – Trevor Baker , meteorologist (died 2016)
29 August
31 August – James Cleminson , soldier and businessman (died 2010)
1 September
3 September
5 September – Kenneth Shearwood , cricketer (died 2018)
6 September – John Bickersteth , British Anglican prelate (died 2018)
7 September – Ronald Brown , politician (died 2002)
8 September – Harry Secombe , entertainer (died 2001)
11 September
15 September
16 September – Peter Russell , poet, translator and critic (died 2003)
18 September – Sydney Cohen , South African-born pathologist (died 2017)
19 September – Conway Berners-Lee , mathematician and computer scientist (died 2019)
20 September
21 September – Jimmy Young , singer and radio broadcaster (died 2016)
22 September – Charles Simeons , politician and pollution control consultant (died 2014)
25 September – Alf Patrick , footballer (died 2021)
27 September – Dennis Nineham , theologian and academic (died 2016)
29 September
30 September – Deborah Kerr , actress (died 2007)[ 43]
2 October
6 October – Val Biro , children's author, artist and illustrator (died 2014)
7 October
8 October
10 October – Neil Carmichael , politician (died 2001)
11 October – Paddy Ridsdale, Lady Ridsdale , politician and World War II agent (died 2009)
12 October
15 October
21 October
22 October
23 October – Archie Lamb , diplomat, writer and businessman (died 2021)
28 October – Stan Palk , footballer (died 2009)
2 November
3 November – Sam Peffer , commercial artist (died 2014)
4 November – Hugh Cunningham , army officer (died 2019)
6 November – Eric Day , footballer (died 2012)
7 November – Vivienne Harris , businesswoman and newspaper publisher (died 2011)
10 November – Ernie Gregory , footballer (died 2012)
11 November – Ron Greenwood , footballer and manager (died 2006)
16 November – Paul Beeson , cinematographer (died 2001)
17 November – James Beament , scientist (died 2005)
22 November – Brian Cleeve , writer (died 2003)
25 November – Johnny Johnson , Royal Air Force officer (died 2022)
26 November – Mary Gillham , naturalist (died 2013)
27 November – James Kinnier Wilson , assyriologist (died 2022)
3 December
8 December
9 December – Terence Weil , cellist (died 1995)
11 December – Liz Smith , character actress (died 2016)
12 December – John Papworth , clergyman, writer and activist (died 2020)
14 December – Simon Towneley , politician (died 2022)
16 December – Alan Thornhill , artist and sculptor (died 2020)
18 December – Jack Crompton , footballer (died 2013)
19 December – Wilf Proudfoot , politician, businessman and hypnotist (died 2013)
21 December
22 December – John Aiken , air marshal (died 2005)
23 December – Harry Moule , cricketer (died 2016)
24 December – Jimmy Clitheroe , comedian (died 1973)
25 December – Joseph Pease, 3rd Baron Gainford , aristocrat (died 2013)
27 December
Deaths
1 January – Mary Macarthur , trade unionist (born 1880)
12 January – Gervase Elwes , tenor (born 1866)
18 January – Elizabeth Anne Finn , writer (born 1825 in Poland)
26 January – Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest , company director, killed in Abermule train collision (born 1862)
8 February – George Formby Sr , entertainer (born 1876)
27 February – Schofield Haigh , cricketer (born 1871)
22 March – E. W. Hornung , author (born 1866)
27 March – Sir Harry Barron , army officer and Governor of Tasmania (1909-1913) and Western Australia (1913-1917) (born 1847)
1 April – Sir Edmund Poë , admiral (born 1849)
2 April – Charles Blackader , general (born 1869)
27 April – Arthur Mold , cricketer (born 1863)
12 May – Sir Melville Macnaghten , police officer (born 1853)
19 May – Michael Llewelyn Davies , inspiration for Peter Pan, drowned (born 1900)
25 May – Sir Arthur Wilson , admiral of the fleet (born 1842)
26 June – Alfred Percy Sinnett , theosophist (born 1840)
29 June – Lady Randolph Churchill , socialite mother of Winston Churchill (born 1854 in the United States)
12 July – Harry Hawker , pioneer of aviation, aircraft accident (born 1889 in Australia)
13 July – Emily Davies , pioneer of women's rights and education (born 1830)
12 August – Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle , "The Radical Countess", campaigner (born 1845)
2 September – Henry Austin Dobson , poet (born 1840)
7 September – Alfred William Rich , watercolourist (born 1856)
9 September – William Campbell , missionary in Taiwan (born 1841)
11 September – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven , naval officer (born 1854)
17 October – Edward John Bevan , chemist, partner of Charles Frederick Cross (born 1856)
23 October – John Boyd Dunlop , inventor (born 1840)
10 December – George Ashlin , architect (born 1837)
11 December – Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury , lawyer, Lord Chancellor (born 1823)
25 December – Sir George Atkinson-Willes , Royal Navy admiral (born 1847)
See also
References
^ a b c d e Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Steinmeyer, Jim (2003). Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible . Random House. pp. 277–295.^ Boothroyd, David (2001). Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties . London: Politico's Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 1-902301-59-5 ^ "Build-up to the General Strike" . Coventry: Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick . 13 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2020 .^ a b Century of Struggle (PDF) . p. 39. Retrieved 22 August 2020 .^ "R 37" . The Airship Heritage Trust. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2020 .^ The History Today Companion to British History 538–9 . ISBN 1-85585-178-4 ^ "Timeline" . The Union Makes Us Strong: TUC History Online . Retrieved 22 August 2020 .^ Statutory Rules & Orders published by authority, 1921, No. 533.
^ Jackson, Alvin (2004). Home Rule – An Irish History . Oxford University Press. p. 198. ^ It is estimated that between 1,000 and 2,000 people actually attended the match; Manchester United and Derby County had played immediately beforehand, and some of the spectators for that match had stayed on to watch the Stockport match for free. However, only thirteen people paid at the gate to watch the Stockport match by itself, staged here because bottom-of the-League Stockport's home ground had been closed due to earlier crowd trouble. "Two grounds have doubled up on staging League matches on the same day" . footballsite.co.uk . Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2012 .^ "Our history" . Royal British Legion. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011 .^ Foy, Michael T (2006). Michael Collins's Intelligence War . pp. 214–218. ISBN 0-7509-4267-3 ^ Hill, Amelia (6 January 2022). "1921 Census of England and Wales reveals nation reeling from war" . The Guardian Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022 . ^ "London Weather - 1921 Warm and Sunny, and Extremely Dry" . Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021 .^ "Parades and Marches – Chronology 2: Historical Dates and Events" . Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) . Retrieved 28 January 2010 .^ "History of Dental Surgery in Edinburgh" . Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh . Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011 .^ McDonald, Andrew (1989). "The Geddes Committee and the Formulation of Public Expenditure Policy, 1921–1922". The Historical Journal . 32 (3): 643–74. doi :10.1017/s0018246x00012462 . JSTOR 2639537 . S2CID 154690441 . ^ Driggs, Laurence La Tourette (7 September 1921). "The Fall of the Airship" . The Outlook 129 . New York: 14–15. ^ Smith, Alfred Emanuel (21 September 1921). "Lessons of the ZR-2" . The Outlook . 129 . New York: 80, 82. ^ Bishop, Peter (19 August 2010). "History" . TheCowsheds.co.uk . Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014 . ^ "Results : Saturday 27th August 1921" . statto.com . Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014 .^ Branson, Noreen (1979). Poplarism, 1919–1925: George Lansbury and the councillors' revolt . Lawrence and Wishart. ^ Booth, Janine (2009). Guilty and Proud of it – Poplar's Rebel Councillors and Guardians 1919–1925 . Merlin Press. ISBN 978-0-85036-694-5 ^ "Shackleton Returns to Europe" . South-Pole.com . Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2007 .^ "Fact sheet: Women at Cambridge: A Chronology" . University of Cambridge. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2010 .^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History 490–491 . ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921" . NobelPrize.org .^ The nearest have been 1854 with 672.9 millimetres (26.5 in), 1864 with 703.3 millimetres (27.7 in), 1887 with 669.3 millimetres (26.4 in) and 1933 with 717.7 millimetres (28.3 in), 1964 with 725.5 millimetres (28.6 in) and 1973 with 739.9 millimetres (29.1 in). Hadley Centre. "Monthly England & Wales precipitation" . Meteorological Office. Retrieved 18 February 2014 .
^ Hadley Centre. "Monthly England & Wales precipitation" . Meteorological Office. Retrieved 18 February 2014 . ^ "TORRO - British Weather Extremes: Daily Maximum Temperatures" . Archived from the original on 16 October 2015.^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.^ Ann Evory (April 1978). Contemporary Authors ISBN 978-0-8103-0035-4 ^ Woddis, Carole (18 March 2013). "Frank Thornton obituary" . The Guardian . Retrieved 28 October 2021 . ^ "Patricia Robins. Sprightly and prolific writer of romance novels who during the war worked in a top-secret RAF filter room" . The Times . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .^ Gaston, Georg (1981). Jack Clayton: A Guide to References and Resources ISBN 978-0-8161-8524-5 ^ "Geoffrey Chater obituary" . TheGuardian.com ^ Deborah Andrews (1992). Annual Obituary, 1991 ISBN 978-1-55862-175-6 ^ "Field Marshal Sir Roland Gibbs" . The Telegraph . 2 November 2004.^ "Jean Kent" . BFI . Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2021 .^ R. Natov, Leon Garfield (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994) Page 5
^ Adrian Room (2014). Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins, 5th ed ISBN 978-0-7864-5763-2 ^ "Obituaries: Deborah Kerr" . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 20 June 2020 .
