1972 Sacramento Canadair Sabre accident

1972 Sacramento Canadair Sabre accident
	A Canadair Sabre, similar to the aircraft involved in the accident
Accident
Date	September 24, 1972
Summary	Runway overrun on takeoff due to pilot error
Site	Sacramento Executive Airport, Sacramento, California, U.S. ; 38°31′16″N 121°29′57″W / 38.52111°N 121.49917°W
Total fatalities	22
Total injuries	28
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Canadair Sabre Mk 5
Operator	Spectrum Air
Registration	N275X
Flight origin	Sacramento Executive Airport
Destination	Oakland International Airport
Occupants	1
Crew	1
Fatalities	0
Injuries	1
Survivors	1
Ground casualties
Ground fatalities	21 (direct) 1 (indirect)
Ground injuries	27

On September 24, 1972, a privately owned Canadair Sabre Mk. 5 fighter jet, piloted by Richard L. Bingham, failed to take off while leaving the "Golden West Sport Aviation Air Show" at Sacramento Executive Airport in Sacramento, California, United States. The airplane crashed into a Farrell's Ice Cream Parlor, killing 22 people on the ground and injuring 28, including the pilot.^[1]

Accident

The crash occurred on September 24, 1972, at approximately 4:25 pm. The Canadair Sabre failed to gain sufficient altitude upon takeoff, with eyewitnesses suggesting the nose was over-rotated. The F-86 Sabre has a dangerous and often fatal handling characteristic upon takeoff if the nose is raised prematurely from the runway.^{[clarification needed]} This handling characteristic of the F-86 was acknowledged from the early 1950s.^[2]

The aircraft overran the runway, struck an earthen berm, and ripped through a chain link fence. Two external underwing fuel tanks ruptured and ignited upon impact with the fence, creating a massive fireball. The plane continued across Freeport Boulevard, crashing into a moving car, and struck a Farrell's Ice Cream Parlor at around 150 miles per hour (240 km/h).^[3] Occupants of the parlor included the Sacramento 49ers junior football team.^[4]

22 people on the ground died, including 12 children.^[5] An eight-year-old survivor of the accident lost nine family members: both parents, two brothers, a sister, two grandparents and two cousins. A family of four also died in the accident. Two people were killed in the car struck on Freeport Boulevard. Immediately after the crash an elderly couple trying to cross the street to the crash site were struck by a vehicle, killing the wife.^[6] Had either the external fuel tanks not ruptured prior to impact or the aircraft not been slowed by hitting the moving car and other vehicles parked in front of the restaurant, the accident could have claimed many more lives. Bingham, the pilot, suffered a broken leg and a broken arm.^[7]

Aircraft

The Canadair Sabre was a single-engine jet fighter built for the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1954. This Sabre was withdrawn from service in 1961 and placed in long-term storage. It was sold as surplus in the United States in 1971 and was bought by Spectrum Air, Inc., of Novato, California, in the same year.^[1]

Aftermath

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded that the accident was the result of pilot error as a result of the pilot's lack of experience on the aircraft. Bingham had logged fewer than four hours of flying time in the Sabre. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) modified the rules governing the flight of ex-military jets over densely populated areas and mandated clearance for such flights.^[8] Pilot requirements were also tightened: they would require a checkout by the manufacturer or military, and take-offs and landings would have to be observed by an FAA inspector to confirm proficiency.^[8]

The Firefighters Burn Institute was instituted a year after the accident, funded from donations and special payroll deductions from local firefighters.^[7]

There were at least 26 active lawsuits stemming from the crash, seeking awards for relatives of the dead and for those injured. The trial began on October 26, 1975, with defendants including the aircraft owner, pilot, the City of Sacramento, Sacramento County, the State of California, Farrell’s, and the company’s architect. The aircraft owner, William Penn Patrick, died in the crash of another surplus military plane less than a year after the Sacramento tragedy, and his estate was a party in the suit. Settlements in the amount of 5 million dollars were awarded in May 1976.

Memorial

In 2002, a memorial was built at the site of the accident (now part of Freeport Square Shopping Center) and dedicated in March 2003. It consists of: a rose garden with two benches, a fountain, a concrete marker and two metal plaques with the names of those who died.^[7]

In 2012, a service to commemorate the 40th anniversary was held to remember the victims of the accident.^[7]